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fashion at religious festivals and private gatherings—especially weddings, to which in later times they were practically restricted. They were usually in the Saturnian See also:

METRE ((terpuc?, sc. rFxvf, from Gr. Or poi', measure)

metre and took the See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a See also:

DIALOGUE

dialogue, consisting of an inter-See also:

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of extemporaneous raillery. Those who took See also:

PART

part in them wore masks made of the bark of trees. At first harmless and See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good-humoured, if somewhat coarse, these songs gradually out-stripped the See also:

BOUNDS, BEATING THE

bounds of decency; malicious attacks were made upon both gods and men, and the See also:

MATTER

matter became so serious that the See also:

law intervened and scurrilous personalities were forbidden by the Twelve Tables (See also:

CICERO

Cicero, De re publica, iv. ro). Specimens of the Fescennines used at weddings are the See also:

EPITHALAMIUM (Gr. hirl, at or upon, and BhXayos, a nuptial chamber)

Epithalamium of See also:

MANLIUS

Manlius (See also:

CATULLUS, GAIUS VALERIUS (?84-J4 B.C.)

Catullus, lxi. 122) and the four poems of Claudian in See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of the See also:

MARRIAGE

marriage of See also:

Honorius and Maria; the first, how-ever, is distinguished by a licentiousness which is absent in the latter. See also:

AUSONIUS, DECIMUS MAGNUS (c. 310-395)

Ausonius in his See also:

Cento nuptialis mentions the Fescennines of Annianus Faliscus, who lived in the See also:

time of See also:

HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian. Various derivations have been proposed for Fescennine. According to See also:

Festus, they were introduced from See also:

FESCENNIA

Fescennia in See also:

ETRURIA

Etruria, but there is no See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to assume that any particular See also:

TOWN

town was specially devoted to the use of such songs. As an alternative Festus suggests a connexion with fascinum, either because the Fescennina were regarded as a See also:

PROTECTION

protection against evil influences (see See also:

Munro, Criticisms and Elucidations of Catullus, p. 76) or because fascinum ( = phallus), as the See also:

SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol of fertility, would from See also:

early times have been naturally associated with harvest festivals.

H. See also:

Nettleship, in an See also:

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article on " The Earliest Italian Literature " (See also:

Journal of See also:

PHILOLOGY

Philology, xi. 1882), in support of Munro's view, translates the expression " verses used by charmers," assuming a noun fescennus, connected with fas fari. The See also:

LOCUS (Lat. for " place "; in Gr. rinros)

locus classicus in See also:

ancient literature is See also:

HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace, Epistles, ii. 1. 139; see also See also:

Virgil, Georgics, ii. 385; See also:

TIBULLUS, ALBIUS (c. 54–19 B.c.)

Tibullus ii. 1. 55; E. See also:

Hoffmann, " See also:

Die Fescenninen," in Rheinisches Museum, li. p. 320 (1896); See also:

art. LATIN LITERATURE.

End of Article: FESCENNINE VERSES (Fescennina carmina)

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