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GABERDINE, or GABARDINE

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 379 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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See also:

GABERDINE, or GABARDINE , any See also:long, loose over-garment, reaching to the feet and girt See also:round the See also:waist. It was, when made of coarse material,commonly worn in the See also:middle ages by pilgrims, beggars and almsmen. The See also:Jews, conservatively attached to the loose and flowing garments of the See also:East, continued to See also:wear the long upper garment to which the name " gaberdine " couldbe applied, long after it had ceased to be a See also:common See also:form as worn by non-Jews, and to this See also:day in some parts of See also:Europe, e.g. in See also:Poland, it is still worn, while the tendency to wear the See also:frock-coat very long and loose, is a marked characteristic of the See also:race. The fact that in the middle ages the Jews were forbidden to engage in handicrafts also, no doubt, tended to stereotype a form of See also:dress unfitted for See also:manual labour. The See also:idea of the " gaberdine " being enforced by See also:law upon the Jews as a distinctive garment is probably due to See also:Shakespeare's use in the See also:Merchant of See also:Venice, I. iii. 113. The See also:mark that the Jews were obliged to wear generally on the See also:outer garment was the badge. This was first enforced by the See also:fourth Lateran See also:Council of 1215. The " badge " (See also:Lat. See also:rota; Fr. See also:rouelle, See also:wheel) took generally the shape of a circle of See also:cloth worn on the See also:breast. It varied in See also:colour at different times. In See also:France it was of yellow, later of red and See also:white; in See also:England it took the form of two bands or stripes, first of white, then of yellow. In See also:Edward I.'s reign it was made in the shape of the Tables of the Law (see the Jewish Encyclopedia, s.v.

"See also:

Costume" and " Badge "). The derivation of the word is obscure. It apparently occurs first in O. Fr. in the forms gauverdine, galvardine, and thence into Ital. as gavardina, and Span. gabardina, a form which has influenced the See also:English word. The New English See also:Dictionary suggests a connexion with the O.H. Ger. wallevart, See also:pilgrimage. See also:Skeat (Etym. See also:Diet., 1898) refers it to Span. gaban, coat, cloak; cabana, hut, See also:cabin.

End of Article: GABERDINE, or GABARDINE

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