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PARALLELISM, PSYCHOPHYSICAL

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 762 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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PARALLELISM, PSYCHOPHYSICAL

PARALLELISM, PSYCHOPHYSICAL , in pyschology, the theory that the conscious and See also:

NERVOUS

nervous processes vary concomitantly whether or not there be any causal connexion between them; in other words " that modifications of consciousness emerge contemporaneously with corresponding modifications of nervous See also:

PROCESS

process " (Stout). The theory is the third possible alternative in considering the relation between mind and See also:

BODY

body, the others being interaction and one-sided See also:

ACTION

action (e.g. See also:

MATERIALISM (from Lat. materia, matter)

materialism). It should be observed that this theory is merely a statement, not an explanation. (See See also:

PSYCHOLOGY.)which the See also:

PISTON (through Fr. from Ital. pistone or pestone, a great pestle, from Late Lat. pistare, to pound, a frequentative form of classical Lat. pinsere)

piston-See also:

rod See also:

head, or crosshead, as it is often n a'M called, is to be guided. AB C is the See also:

MIDDLE

middle See also:

LINE

line of See also:

HALF

half the See also:

beam, C being the fixed centre about which the beam oscillates. A See also:

LINK

link BD connects a point in the beam with a See also:

RADIUS

radius link ED, which oscillates about a fixed centre at E. A point P in BD, taken so that BP.: DP :: EN : CM, move in a path which coincides very closely with the straight line MPN. Any other point F in the line CP or CP produced is made to copy this See also:

motion by means of the links AF and FG, parallel to BD and AC. In the See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary application of the parallel motion a point such as F is the point of See also:

ATTACHMENT

attachment of the piston-rod, and P is used to drive a See also:

PUMP

pump-rod. Other points in the line CP produced are occasionally made use of by adding other links parallel to AC and BD. See also:

WATT, JAMES (1736-1819)

Watt's linkage gives no more than an approximation to straight-line motion, but in a well-designed example the amount of deviation need not exceed one four-thousandth of the length of stroke. It was for See also:

long believed that the See also:

PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of an exact straight-line motion by pure linkage was impossible, until the problem was solved by the invention of the Peaucellier See also:

CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell.

End of Article: PARALLELISM, PSYCHOPHYSICAL

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