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SAMBALPUR

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 113 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SAMBALPUR , a See also:

town and See also:district of See also:British See also:India, in the See also:Orissa See also:division of See also:Bengal. The town is on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:river See also:Mahanadi, 495 ft. above See also:sea-level, the See also:terminus of a See also:branch of the Bengal-See also:Nagpur railway. Pop. (Igor) 12,870. It contains a ruined fort with old temples. The See also:garrison of native See also:infantry was withdrawn in 1902. There is considerable See also:trade, and See also:hand-See also:weaving of tussore See also:silk and See also:cotton See also:cloth are carried on. The DISTRICT of SAMBALPUR has an See also:area of 3773 sq. m. The Mahanadi, which is the only important river, divides it into unequal parts. The greater portion is an undulating See also:plain, with ranges of rugged hills See also:running in every direction, the largest of which is the Bara Pahar, covering an area of 350 sq. m., and attaining at Debrigarh a height of 2267 ft. above the plain. The Mahanadi affords means of See also:water communication for 90 m.; its See also:principal tributaries in Sambalpur are the Ib, Kelo and Jhira. To the W. of the Mahanadi the district is well cultivated.

The See also:

soil is generally See also:light and sandy. It is occupied for the greater See also:part by crystalline metamorphic rocks; but part of the N.W. corner is composed of See also:sandstone, See also:limestone and shale. See also:Gold dust and diamonds have been found near Hirakhuda or See also:Diamond See also:Island, at the junction of the Ib and Mahanadi. The See also:climate of Sambalpur is considered very unhealthy; the See also:annual rainfall averages 59 in. The See also:population in Igor was 640,243, showing an increase of 3.2% in the See also:decade. The registered See also:death-See also:rate for 1897 was only 30 per thousand, as against 68 for the See also:province generally. This figure shows that Sambalpur entirely escaped the See also:famine of 1896-1397, which indeed can be said to have brought prosperity to the district by causing high prices for a See also:good See also:rice See also:crop, rice being the See also:staple of cultivation. It was almost equally fortunate in 1900. The See also:main See also:line of the Bengal-Nagpur railway runs along the N. border of the district, with a branch S. to Sambalpur town. Sambalpur lapsed to the British -in 1849, and was attached to Bengal until 1862, when it was transferred to the Central Provinces. The See also:early See also:revenue See also:administration was not successful. On the outbreak of the See also:Mutiny in 1857 a See also:general rising of the chiefs took See also:place, and it was not until the final See also:arrest of Surandra Sa, in 1864, that tranquillity was restored.

In See also:

October I9o5 Sambalpur was transferred back again to Bengal, without the subdivisions of Phuljhar and Chandarpur-Padampur. See Sambalpur District Gazetteer (See also:Calcutta, 1909).

End of Article: SAMBALPUR

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