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SHAWM, SHALM (Fr. chalumeau, chalemel...

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 814 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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SHAWM, SHALM (Fr. chalumeau, chalemelle, hautbois; Ger. Schalmei, Schalmey; Ital. Pifar cenamelle; Lat. calamus; tibia; Gr. a- Ws)

SHAWM, SHALM (Fr. chalumeau, chalemelle, hautbois; Ger. Schalmei, Schalmey; Ital. Pifar cenamelle; See also:
LAT
Lat. calamus; See also:
TIBIA
tibia; Gr. a- Ws) , the See also:

MEDIEVAL

medieval forerunner of the See also:

OBOE, or HAUTBOY (Fr. hautbois, Ger. Hoboe, Ital. oboe)

oboe, the See also:

TREBLE (a doublet of " triple," three-fold, from Lat. triplus, triple; cf. " double " from duplus)

treble members of the large See also:

FAMILY

family of See also:

reed See also:

INSTRUMENTS

instruments known in See also:

Germany as the See also:

POMMER

Pommer (q.v.), Bombart or Schalmey family. See also:

Michael See also:

PRAETORIUS, MICHAEL (1571_1621)

Praetorius, at the beginning of the 17th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, enumerates the members of this family (see OBOE); the two of highest See also:

pitch are Schalmeys, the first or little Schalmey ,being in Bb (third See also:

LINE

line) or A, and the second, also called cantus or discant, in E or D below. The shawm or Schalmey had a See also:

COMPASS (Fr. corn pas, ultimately from Lat. cum, with, and passus, step)

compass of two octaves, the second diatonic See also:

OCTAVE (from Lat. octavus, eighth, octo, eight)

octave being obtained by overblowing each of the notes of the first octave an octave higher; the See also:

CHROMATIC (Gr. xpcoµaruc6s, coloured, from xpwµa, colour)

chromatic semitones were produced by See also:

HALF

half stopping the holes and by See also:

CROSS

cross-fingering. In some instances the reed See also:

MOUTHPIECE (Fr. embouchure; Ger. Mundstuck; Ital. bocchino)

mouthpiece was half enclosed in a pirouette, a small See also:

case 'laving a slit through which that See also:

PART

part of the reed which is taken into the mouth of the player was alone exposed, the edges of the slit thus forming a See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest for his lips. In the miniatures of the illuminated See also:

MSS. of all countries, more especially from the 14th century, and in See also:

early printed books, Schalmeys and Pommers are represented in every conceivable phase of social See also:

LIFE

life in which See also:

MUSIC

music takes a part. (K.

End of Article: SHAWM, SHALM (Fr. chalumeau, chalemelle, hautbois; Ger. Schalmei, Schalmey; Ital. Pifar cenamelle; Lat. calamus; tibia; Gr. a- Ws)

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