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TRANSUBSTANTIATION , the See also:term adopted by the See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church to See also:express her teaching on the subject of the See also:conversion of the See also:Bread and See also:Wine into the See also:Body and See also:Blood of See also:Christ in the See also:Eucharist. Its signification was authoritatively defined by the See also:Council of See also:Trent in the following words: " If any one shall say that, in the See also:Holy See also:Sacrament of the Eucharist there remains, together with the Body and Blood of Our See also:Lord Jesus Christ, the substance of the Bread and Wine, and shall deny that wonderful and singular conversion of the whole substance of the Bread into (His) Body and of the Wine into (His) Blood, the See also:species only of the Bread and Wine remaining—which See also:con-version the Catholic Church most fittingly calls Transubstantiation—let him be See also:anathema." 1 The word Transubstantiation is not found earlier than the 12th See also:century. But in the Eucharistic controversies of the 9th, loth and 11th centuries the views which the term embodies were clearly expressed; as, for example, by Radbertus Paschasius (d. 865), who wrote that " the substance of the Bread and Wine is efficaciously changed interiorly into the Flesh and Blood of Christ," and that after the See also:consecration what is there is " nothing else but Christ the Bread of See also:Heaven." 3 The words " substantially converted " appear in the See also:formula which See also:Berengarius was compelled to sign in 1079. Assuming that the Expositio canonis missae ascribed to St Pietro See also:Damiani (d. 1072) is doubtful, we may take it that the first 'use of the word is in a passage of See also:Hildebert de Savardin 3 (d. 1133), who brings it into an exhortation quite informally, as if it were in See also:common use.' It is met with in a Decretal of See also:Innocent III.5 The See also:fourth Council of Lateran fully adopted it (1215). It is clear from the See also:treatise of Radbertus Paschasius already quoted that the word " substance " was used for reality as distinguished from outward See also:appearance, and that the word " species " meant outward appearance as opposed to reality. The terms, therefore, were not invented by St See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Aquinas, and are not See also:mere scholastic subtlety. The See also:definition of the Council of Trent was intended both to enforce the accepted Catholic position and to exclude the teaching of See also:Luther, who, whilst not professing to be certain whether the " substance " of the Bread and Wine could or could not be said to remain, exclaimed against the intolerance of the Roman Catholic Church in defining the question .6
For a full and See also:recent exposition of the Catholic teaching on Transubstantiation the reader may consult De ecclesiae sacramentis, auctore Ludovico Billot, S.J. (See also:Rome, Propaganda See also:Press, 1896). The See also:Abbe See also:Pierre Batifol, in his Etudes d'histoire et de theologie See also:positive, 2m° serie (Elaboration de la notion de conversion, and Conversion et transubstantiation) treats it from the point of view of development (V. Lecoffre, See also:Paris, 1905). (-1 J. C.
End of Article: TRANSUBSTANTIATION
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