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C/C++
    compile time compared to JIT VM 
    converting Java to C 
    illegal pointer manipulations and 
    object creation 
    string handling and 
cachefs 
caching 
    access, cached 
        data retrieval rates, monitoring 
        examples 
    cache tags for servlets 
    circular cache 
    code 
    in dispatchers 
    in distributed applications  2nd 
    distributed data 
    DLLs 
    DNS lookups  2nd 
    effects of 
        startup 
    in EJB
        application servers, capabilities of 
        bean-specific resources 
        services 
    filesystems 
    I/O 
    InetAddress class 
    intermediate results 
    JDBC data 
        in-memory database products 
    JNDI lookups 
    low-level communication layer optimization 
    operating system
        filesystem cache 
        page cache 
    perceived performance and 
    shared persistent caches 
    static pages 
CallableStatement class, defining wrapper class for 
canonicalizing objects  2nd  3rd 
    changeable objects 
    enumerating constants 
    Integer class instances 
    serialization and deserialization 
    weak references, using 
canonicalizing strings  2nd 
    boolean to string conversions, use in 
    comparing strings for identity 
capacity of collection classes 
case
    case-insensitive searches 
    converting string to uppercase 
    in regular expression matching 
    in string searches 
    in string comparisons 
    in strings, converting to upper or lower case 
case statements 
    contiguous sets of cases 
    non-contiguous values for 
    reordering for switch statements with optimizing compiler 
casts
    arrays of primitive types 
    avoiding 
        with collection classes 
    avoiding in comparisons 
        for sort methods 
        implementing standard sort algorithm and comparison method for class 
    costs of 
        avoiding with collections 
        object type 
    efficiency of 
    eliminating in queries 
    instanceof vs. 
    performance checklist 
    removing unnecessary 
    throwing exceptions, cost of  2nd 
CGI (Common Gateway Interface) scripts, process startup overhead 
chaining constructors 
    multiple initializations to instance variables 
    unnecessary assignments in 
changeable objects, canonicalizing 
channels (I/O), multiplexing 
char arrays 
    converting byte arrays to 
    I/O string processing, using for 
    strings vs. 
        line filter example 
        line filtering with regular expressions 
        word-counting (example) 
characters, encoding  2nd 
CharArrayReader class 
charAt( ) (String)  2nd 
CharBuffer class 
chars
    changing to ints in arithmetic operations 
    converting to strings 
CharSequence interface 
Class class
    forName( ) 
    getName( ) 
class libraries 
ClassCastException class 
classes
    casts of objects 
    delivering in uncompressed ZIP or JAR files 
    JDK, replacing 
    load-balancing 
    loading
        class files 
        large numbers of 
        lazy object initialization and 
        preallocating objects 
    preventing garbage collection of 
    removing unused with compiler 
    renaming in compiler optimization 
    reusing 
    testing for instances of 
ClassLoader class 
    set*AssertionStatus( ) 
classloaders 
    changes in SDK versions 
    runtime server patching with 
client mode for message delivery 
client requests, centralizing with Front Controller pattern 
client SocketChannels, obtaining 
client-based load balancing 
client-initiated transactions in EJB 
client/server communications, profiling 
    sockets, replacing 
    third-party communications packages, using 
clone( ) (Object) 
Cloneable interface 
cloning objects to avoid using constructors 
clustering 
    defined 
    EJB application server 
    files  2nd  3rd 
    load-balancing dispatcher, using with 
CMP (container-managed persistence) 
code
    moving out of loops 
    reusable 
    unreachable 
code motion  2nd 
CollationKey class  2nd  3rd 
Collator class  2nd 
    compare( ) 
    word comparison, varying precision of 
Collection interface 
Collections class, sorting methods 
Collections framework 
    arrays  [See also arrays]
        advantages/disadvantages of 
        collection class based on 
        replacing collections with 
    casts, avoiding with 
    comparing LinkedLists and ArrayLists 
        building a large collection 
        building a medium collection 
        querying performance 
    comparisons 
    concurrently adding objects 
    Hashtables and HashMaps 
    Java 2 
        performance attributes of classes 
    parallel collections, accesses and updates 
    performance checklist 
    presizing collections 
    queries, optimizing 
        avoiding method accessor 
        avoiding synchronization 
        casts and extra access calls, eliminating 
        lighter typing of elements 
        map queries 
        method call in loop test, avoiding repetition of 
        shortcircuit boolean operators 
    reusing collection objects 
    shared collections, updating by multiple threads 
    size and capacity of collection classes 
    sorting 
        interfaces for 
    synchronized classes and wrappers 
collisions in cache array indexes 
    minimizing 
commit( ) (Connection) 
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) 
Common Object Request Broker Architecture  [See CORBA]
communications
    asynchronous  2nd 
    failures in, user perceptions of 
    monitoring tools 
communications layers
    comparison of 
    CORBA, message reduction in 
    low-level optimizations 
        batching transfers 
        caching 
        compression 
        multiplexing 
    proprietary  2nd 
    RMI, message reduction in 
Comparable interface  2nd  3rd 
    compareTo( ) 
    quicksort for array of Comparable objects 
Comparator interface  2nd 
    compareTo( ) 
    defining sorting objects for arrays 
    optimized comparison wrappers, checking for support 
compare( )
    Collator class 
    Comparator class 
    PartialSorter class (example) 
compareTo( )
    Comparable interface 
    Comparator interface 
    Sortable class 
    String class 
compareToSortable( ) (Sortable) 
ComparisonKey class 
comparisons
    avoiding casts 
    identity
        canonical objects 
        IdentityHashMap class 
        strings 
    numeric, efficiency in 
    optimizing in sorting 
    strings 
compile( ) (Pattern) 
compile-time resolution of strings 
compilers
    array initialization and 
    assert statements, stripping 
    casts, eliminating 
    inlining 
    javac, runtime optimizations and 
    JIT (just-in-time) 
        loops and 
        VMs with 
    listing of 
    optimizing 
        access control to methods, altering 
        assignments, eliminating unnecessary 
        code motion 
        computationally cheaper alternatives, using 
        cutting dead code and unnecessary instructions 
        dynamic type checks, removing 
        generating helpful information for VM 
        increasing statically bound calls 
        inlining calls 
        managing 
        reducing necessary parts of compiled files 
        removing unused methods and classes 
        removing unused object fields 
        renaming classes, fields, and methods 
        reordering or changing bytecodes 
        replacing runtime computations with compiled results 
        subexpressions, eliminating common 
        unrolling loops 
        what they canÕt do 
    performance checklist 
    profiling, object creation 
    recursion and 
    switches 
components, analyzing statistics on 
CompositeEntity pattern in EJB design 
compression 
    communication layer optimization 
    distributed computing, use in 
    performance checklist 
    reducing data transfer time with 
    searching directly in compressed data 
    serialized objects 
    servlet tuning, use in 
    uncompressed ZIP/JAR files 
concatenating strings 
    + and += operators  2nd 
    at runtime, extra object generation by 
concurrency conflicts in EJB, reducing 
concurrent execution 
concurrent garbage collection  2nd  3rd 
conditional operator (?:) 
configuration
    applications, for load balancing 
    EJB application servers 
    network, bottlenecks from 
    optimal, for servers 
    for service providers 
congested networks 
connect( )
    Socket class 
    SocketChannel class 
Connection interface 
    commit( ) 
    getAutoCommit( ) 
    releaseSavepoint( ) 
    rollback( ) 
    setTransactionIsolation( ) 
    wrapper classes, defining 
ConnectionConsumer interface 
connections
    database
        pooling 
        shortening in Pet Shop code 
    network, overall speed of 
    pooling with EJB application server 
ConnectionWrapper class 
constants, enumerating as string replacements 
constructors
    array-based collection class 
    avoiding use of 
    chaining 
        multiple initializations to instance variables 
        unnecessary assignments in 
    making private for SINGLETON object 
    Object class and 
    profiling calls to 
    serialization and 
    string 
consumers (JMS), load balancing 
container objects, reusing 
container-managed persistence (CMP) in EJBs 
contention for resources
    bottlenecks caused by 
    reducing to improve scalability 
conversions
    byte to character 
    byte-to-char, with NIO package 
    bytes, shorts, chars, and booleans to strings 
    data types 
        costs of 
    doubles to strings 
    floats to strings 
    ints to strings 
    JDBC data, minimizing  2nd 
    longs to strings 
        avoiding temporary objects 
    objects to strings 
    optimizing in servlets 
    stateful bean to stateless 
convert( ) 
copies of objects, reducing generation by methods 
copy-on-write
    allowing multithreaded updates of object 
    behavior in canonicalized objects 
CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture)
    comparison with other communication layers 
    reducing messges in applications 
    scaling 
    Web Services vs. 
counters, unsynchronized vs. synchronized 
cpu=old option (-Xrunhprof) 
cpu=samples option (-Xrunhprof) 
cpu=times mode (-Xrunhprof) 
CPUs 
    computation time (single-threaded) based on availibility 
    dynamic method calls and 
    limitations on performance 
    multiprocessor
        threading and 
    optimizing usage of in EJB 
    parallelism 
    parallelization 
    predicting performance on for parallelism 
    process priorities  2nd 
    time allocated to processes 
    time measurements for procedures 
    upgrading 
    utilization 
        analyzing statistics on 
        checklist 
        measuring 
currentTimeMillis( ) (System)  2nd  3rd 
custom tags, BodyTags vs.