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late initialization 
latency 
    network 
lazy initialization 
    accessor methods for proxy server 
lazy loading (code optimization example) 
least-recently-used (LRU) cache (LinkedHashMap) 
left shift (<<) operator 
length( ) (String) 
levels for transactions 
    choosing lowest-cost 
levels of logging 
line endings in regular expression pattern matching 
line filtering
    regular expressions, using 
    strings vs. char arrays 
linked lists
    of arrays 
    collections and 
    recursive search method, changing to iterative 
    sorting 
LinkedHashMap class  2nd 
LinkedHashSet class 
LinkedList class  2nd 
    comparing with ArrayList 
        building a large collection 
        building a medium collection 
        queries 
    implementation 
    RandomAccess, testing effect of 
List interface 
    get( )  2nd 
lists of Strings, avoiding casts for 
literals, string 
load balancing  2nd 
    algorithms for 
    classes for 
    CPU computation time and 
    in distributed application design 
    EJB application server 
    EJB design patterns for 
    example of 
    mechanisms for 
        application configuration 
        client-based 
        database partitioning 
        dispatching requests or redirecting to proxies 
        DNS 
        hardware 
        server-pooled objects 
        URL-based 
    performance checklist 
    TCP/IP, using 
    Web Services 
load testing
    J2EE applications, steps in 
    performance checklist for 
    Web Services 
loading classes
    large numbers of 
    lazy initialization and 
    preallocating objects for 
    thread, starting separate for 
    uncompressed ZIP/JAR files, using 
local EJBs  2nd 
local procedure calls, time overhead of 
local variables 
locales, internationalized string sorting and 
localization, internationalized string sorting and 
locking
    methods 
    optimizations and 
    reducing conflicts with Optimistic Locking pattern 
logging 
    change logs 
    client/server communications 
    garbage collection output 
    granularity 
    I/O calls 
    integrating for performance 
    J2EE applications, tool for 
    JDBC 
    JDBCLogger class 
    JDK 1.4 framework (example of using) 
    open source implementation of JDK 1.2 and 1.3 logging APIs 
    performance monitoring tools 
    performance-logging features in applications 
    RMI, enabling 
    from servlets, minimizing 
    sockets, providing for 
    web server layer, adding to 
logical And (&) operator 
logical Or (|) operator 
LogWriter class 
long data types
    converting to strings 
    replacing with ints for performance gains 
LongVector class (example) 
loop counters (local and static), comparing costs of 
loops 
    copying arrays with System.arraycopy( ) 
    efficient comparisons in 
    I/O, avoiding execution in 
    int data types, using for index variables 
    moving code out of 
    moving one-time calculations out of 
    moving to native routines 
    performance checklist  2nd 
    putting most common case first 
    reducing temporary objects in 
    reflection, avoiding in 
    temporary variables, use of 
    terminating with exceptions 
        speedup for various VMs using 
    termination tests, avoiding method calls in 
    threads, sleeping restlessly in 
    unrolling  2nd 
LRU (least-recently-used) cache (LinkedHashMap)