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BUMBULUM , BoMBULUM or BUNIBULUnt, a fabulous musical See also:instrument described in an apocryphal See also:letter of St See also:Jerome to See also:Dardanus,1 and illustrated in a See also:series of illuminated See also:MSS. of the 0th to the 11th See also:century, together with other See also:instruments described in the same letter. These MSS. are the Psalter of Emmeran, oth century, described by See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin See also:Gerbert,2 who gives a few illustrations from it; the See also:Cotton MS. Tiberius C. VI. in the See also:British Museum, 11th century; the famous See also:Boulogne Psalter, A D. 1000 ; and' the Psalter of See also:Angers, 9th century.' In the Cotton MS. the instrument consists of an angular See also:frame, from which depends by a See also:chain a rectangular See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal See also:plate having twelve See also:bent arms attached in two rows of three on each See also:side, one above the other. The arms appear to terminate in small rectangular bells or plates, and it is supposed that the See also:standard frame was intended to be shaken like a See also:sistrum in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to set the bells jangling. See also:Sebastian Virdung 4 gives illustrations of these instruments of Jerome, and among them of the one called bumbulum in the Cotton MS., which Virdung calls See also:Fistula Hieronimi. The See also:general outline is the same, but instead of metal arms there is the same number of bent pipes with conical See also:bore. Virdung explains, following the apocryphal letter, that the stand re semb!See also:ing the draughtsman's square represents the See also:Holy See also:Cross, the rectangular See also:object dangling therefrom signifies See also:Christ on the Cross, and the twelve pipes are the twelve apostles. Virdung's See also:illustration, probably copied from an older See also:work in See also:manuscript, conforms more closely to the See also:text of the letter than does the instrument in the Cotton MS. There is no See also:evidence whatever of the actual existence of such an instrument during the See also:middle ages, with the exception of this series of fanciful pictures See also:drawn to illustrate an instrument known from description only. The word bombulum was probably derived from the same See also:root as the 0o,uOai Xios of See also:Aristophanes (Acharnians, 866) ((3b0or and (tabs), a comic See also:compound fora bag-See also:pipe with a See also:play on flo,u$uXu5s, an See also:insect that hums or buzzes (see BAG-PIPE). The See also:original described in the letter, also from hearsay, was probably an See also:early type of See also:organ. (K.
End of Article: BUMBULUM
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