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HARO, CLAMEUR DE

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 11 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HARO, CLAMEUR DE , the See also:ancient See also:Norman See also:custom of " crying for See also:justice," still surviving in the Channel Islands. The wronged party must on his knees and before witnesses cry: "Haro! Haro! Haro! a 1'aide, mon See also:prince, on me fait See also:tort." This See also:appeal has to be respected, and the alleged trespass or tort must cease till the See also:matter has been thrashed out in the courts. The " cry " thus acts as an See also:interim See also:injunction, and no inhabitant of the Channel Islands would think of resisting it. The custom is undoubtedly very ancient, dating from times when there were no courts and no justice except such as was meted out by princes personally. The popular derivation for the name is that which explains " Haro " as an See also:abbreviation of " Ha! Rollo," a See also:direct appeal to Rollo, first See also:duke of See also:Normandy. It is far more probable that haro is simply an exclamation to See also:call See also:attention (O.H.G. See also:hera, Kara, " here "!). Indeed it is clear that the " cry for justice " was in no sense an institution of Rollo, but was a method of appeal recognized in many countries. It is said to be identical with the " Legatro of the Bavarians and the Thuringians," and the first mention of it in See also:France is to be found in the " See also:Grand coutumier de Normandie." A similar custom, only observed in criminal charges, was recognized by the Saxon See also:laws under the name of " Clamor Violentiae." Thus there is See also:reason to think that See also:William the Conqueror on his arrival in See also:England found the " cry " fully established as far as criminal matters were concerned. Later the " cry " was .made applicable to See also:civil wrongs, and, when the See also:administration of justice became systematized, disappeared altogether in criminal cases.

It naturally tended to become obsolete as the administration of justice became systematized, but it was See also:

long retained in See also:north-western France in cases of disputed See also:possession, and was not actually repealed until the See also:close of the 18th See also:century. A survival of the See also:English See also:form of haro is possibly to be found in the " Ara," a cry at fairs when " settling See also:time " arrived.

End of Article: HARO, CLAMEUR DE

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