Online Encyclopedia

species in fifteen genera, twelve of which occur in fresh water while three are marine: and includes both floating and submerged forms. Hydrocharis floats on the See also:

SURFACE

surface of still water, andhas rosettes of See also:

KIDNEY

kidney-shaped leaves, from among which See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring the See also:

flower-stalks; stolons bearing new See also:

LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf- rosettes are sent out on all sides, the plant thus propagating itself in the same way as the See also:

STRAWBERRY (Fragaria)

strawberry. Straliotes abides has a rosette of stiff See also:

SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword- like leaves, which when the plant is in flower project above the surface; it is , also stoloniferous, the See also:

young rosettes sinking to. the bottom at the beginning of See also:

winter and rising again to the surface in the spring. Vallisneria (See also:

eel-grass) contains two species, one native of tropical ,See also:

ASIA

Asia, the other . in- habiting the warmer parts of both hemi- See also:

SPHERES, MUSIC OF THE

spheres and reaching as far See also:

north as See also:

south Frog-bit—male plant. the mud at the bottom I, See also:

FEMALE

Female flower. of fresh water, and the 2, Stamens, enlarged. See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem bears a 3, Barren See also:

PISTIL

pistil of male flower, enlarged. cluster of See also:

long, 4, Pistil of female flower. g, narrow 5, See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

Fruit. grass-like. leaves; new 6, Fruit cut transversely. plants are formed at 7, mod' the end of See also:

HORIZONTAL

horizontal 8, 9, Floral diagrams of male and female See also:

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers respectively. runners. Another type s, Rudimentary stamens. is represented by Elodea canadensis or water-See also:

THYME

thyme,which has been introduced into the See also:

BRITISH

British Isles from North See also:

AMERICA

America. It is a small, submerged plant with long, slender branching stems bearing whorls of narrow toothed leaves; the flowers appear at the surface when mature. Halophila, Enhalus and Thalassic are submerged maritime plants found on tropical coasts, mainly in the See also:

INDIAN

Indian and Pacific oceans; Halophila has an elongated stem rooting,at the nodes; Enhalus a short, thick rhizome, clothed with See also:

black threads resembling See also:

HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse-See also:

HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair, the persistent hard-bast strands of the leaves; Thalassic has a creeping rooting stem with upright branches bearing crowded strap-shaped leaves in two rows. The flowers spring from, or are enclosed in, a spathe, and are unisexual and See also:

REGULAR

regular, with generally a calyx and corolla, each of three members; the stamens are in whorls of three, the inner whorls are often barren; the two to fifteen carpels See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form an inferior ovary containing generally numerous ovules on often large, produced, parietal placentas. The fruit is leathery or fleshy, opening irregularly. The seeds contain a large embryo and no endosperm.

In Hydrocharis (fig. I), which is dioecious, the flowers are See also:

BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne above the surface of the water, have conspicuous See also:

white petals, contain See also:

HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey and are pollinated by in-sects. Stralioles has similar flowers which come above the surface only for See also:

POLLINATION

pollination, becoming sub-merged again during ripening of the fruit. In Vallisneria (fig. 2), which is also dioecious, the small male flowers are borne in large See also:

numbers in short-stalked spathes; the petals are See also:

minute and See also:

scale-like, and only two of the three stamens are !fer- FIG. z.—Vallisneria spiralis—Eel grass--See also:

TILE (0. Eng. tigel, Fr. tuile, connected with Lat. tegula)

tile; the flowers about i natural See also:

SIZE

size. A, Female plant; B, become detached Male plant. before opening and rise to the surface, where the sepals expand and form a See also:

FLOAT (in O. Eng. floc and flota, in the verbal form f eotan; the Teutonic root is flut-, another form of flu-, seen in " flow," cf. " fleet "; the root is seen in Gr. a-M e, to sail, Lat. pluere, to rain; the Lat, fluere and fluctus, wave, is not connect

float bearing the two projecting semi-erect stamens. The female flowers are solitary and are raised to the surface on. a long, See also:

SPIRAL

spiral See also:

STALL (0. Eng. steall, stael, cf. Du. stal, Ger. and Swed. Stall, a common Teutonic word for a place, station, place for standing in; the root is the Indo-European std–, to stand, seen also in Latin stabulum, Greek vraO bs, and in stallion, an entire hors

stall:; the ovary bears three broad styles, on, which some of the large, sticl.•y See also:

POLLEN, AUGUST (or, as he afterwards called himself, ADOLF) LUDWIG (1794-1855)

pollen-grains from the Iloatmg male floc: ers get de-posited (fig. 3). After pollination the female flower becomes See also:

DRAWN

drawn below the surface by the spiral See also:

con-See also:

TRACTION (Lat. trahere, to draw)

traction of the long stalk, and the fruit ripens near the bottom. Elodea has poly- FIG. 3.

gamo.us flowers (that is, male, female and hermaphrodite), solitary, in slender, tubular spathes; the male flowers become detached and rise to the surface; the See also:

FEMALES

females are raised to the surface when mature, and receive the floating pollen from the male. The flowers of Halophila are submerged and apetalous. The order is a widely distributed one; the marine forms are tropical or subtropical, but the fresh-water genera occur also in the temperate zones.

End of Article: HYDROCHARIDEAE

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.

» Add information or comments to this article.

Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.

Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
HYDROCARBONS

[next]
HYDROCHLORIC ACID