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LANDAU , a See also:town in the Bavarian See also:Palatinate, on the Queich, lying under the eastern slope of the See also:Hardt Mountains, 32 M. by See also:rail S.W. from See also:Mannheim, at the junction of lines to See also:Neustadt an der Hardt, See also:Weissenburg and Saarbriicken. Pop. (19o5) 17,165. Among its buildings are the See also:Gothic Evangelical See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, dating from 1285; the See also:chapel of St See also:Catherine built in 1344; the church of the former Augustinian monastery, dating from 1405; and the Augustinian monastery itself, founded in 1276
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and now converted into a brewery. There are manufactures of cigars, See also:beer, hats, watches, See also:furniture and See also:machines, and a See also:trade in See also:wine, See also:fruit and cereals. Large See also:cattle-markets are held here. Landau was founded in 1224, becoming an imperial See also:city fifty years later. This dignity was soon lost, as in 1317 it passed to the bishopric of See also:Spires and in 1331 to the Palatinate, recovering its former position in 1511. Captured eight times during the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War the town was ceded to See also:France by the treaty of See also:Westphalia in 1648, although with certain See also:ill-defined reservations. In 1679 See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. definitely took See also:possession of Landau. Its fortifications were greatly strengthened; nevertheless it was twice taken by the Imperialists and twice recovered by the See also:French during the See also:Spanish See also:Succession War. In 1815 it was given to See also:Austria and in the following See also:year to See also:Bavaria. The fortifications were finally dismantled in 1871.
The town is commonly supposed to have given its name to the four-wheeled See also:carriage, with an adjustable divided See also:top for use either open or closed, known as a " landau " (Ger. Landauer). But this derivation is doubtful, the origin of the name being also ascribed to that of an See also:English carriage-builder, Landow, who introduced this See also:form of equipage.
See E. Heuser, See also:Die Belagerungen von Landau in den Jahren 1702 and 1703 (Landau, 1894) ; See also:Lehmann, Geschichte der ehemaligen freien Reichsstadt Landau (1851); and See also:Jost, Interessante Daten aus der 600 jahrigen Geschichte der Stadt Landau (Landau, 1879).
End of Article: LANDAU
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