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MELLONI, MACEDONIO (1798-1854)

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 96 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MELLONI, MACEDONIO (1798-1854) , See also:Italian physicist, was See also:born at See also:Parma on the See also:lath of See also:April 1798. From 1824 to 1831 he was See also:professor at Parma, but in the latter See also:year he was compelled to See also:escape to See also:France, having taken See also:part in the revolution. In 1839 he went to See also:Naples and was soon appointed director of the See also:Vesuvius See also:observatory, a See also:post which he held until 5848. Melloni received the See also:Rumford See also:medal of the Royal Society in 1834. In 1835 he was elected correspondent of the See also:Paris See also:Academy, and in 1839 a .See also:foreign member of the Royal Society. He died at See also:Portici near Naples of See also:cholera on the lath of See also:August 1854• Melloni's reputation as a physicist rests especially on his discoveries in radiant See also:heat, made with the aid of the thermomultiplier or See also:combination of thermopile and See also:galvanometer, which, soon after the See also:discovery of See also:thermoelectricity by T. J. Seebeck, was employed by him jointly with L. See also:Nobili in 1831. His experiments were especially concerned with the See also:power of transmitting dark heat possessed by various substances and with the changes produced in the heat rays by 'passage through different materials. Substances which were comparatively transparent to heat he designated by the See also:adjective " diathermane," the See also:property being " diathermaneite," while for the heat-tint or heat-coloration produced by passage through different materials he coined the word " diathermansie." In See also:English, however, the terms were not well understood, and " diathermancy," was generally used as the See also:equivalent of " diathermaneite." In consequence Melloni about 1841 began to use " diathermique " in See also:place of " diathermdne," " diathermasie " in place of "diathermaneite," and " thermocrose " for " diathermansie." His most important See also:book, La thermocrose au la coloration calorifique (vol. i., Naples, 1850), was unfinished at his See also:death. He studied the reflection and polarization of radiant heat, the See also:magnetism of rocks, electrostatic See also:induction, daguerrotypy, &c.

End of Article: MELLONI, MACEDONIO (1798-1854)

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