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NORTHERN ZONE

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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 270 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NORTHERN See also:ZONE .—The boundaries of the northern zone coincide in the See also:main with the northern limit of the See also:equatorial zone; but they overlap the latter at different points. This happens in See also:Syria, as well as See also:east of it, where the mixed faunae of the See also:Jordan and the See also:rivers of See also:Mesopotamia demand the inclusion of this territory in the northern zone as well as in the equatorial; in the See also:island of See also:Formosa, where a Salmonid and several See also:Japanese Cyprinids flourish; and in Central See also:America, where a Lepidosteus, a Cyprinid (Sclerognathus meridionalis), and an Amiurus (A. meridionalis) represent the See also:North See also:American See also:fauna in the midst of a See also:host of tropical forms. There is no See also:separate See also:arctic zone for See also:freshwater fishes; ichthyic See also:life becomes See also:extinct towards the See also:pole wherever the fresh See also:water remains frozen throughout the See also:year, or thaws for a few See also:weeks only; and the few fishes which extend into high latitudes belong to types in no See also:wise differing from those of the more temperate See also:south. The highest See also:latitude at which fishes have been obtained is 82° N. See also:lat., whence specimens of See also:char (Salmo See also:arcturus and Salmo naresii) have been brought back. The Palaearctic or Europaeo-See also:Asiatic Region.—The western and See also:southern boundaries of this region coincide with those of the northern zone. See also:Bering Strait and the See also:Kamchatka See also:Sea have been conventionally taken as the boundary in the north, but the fishes of both coasts, so far as they are known, are not sufficiently distinct to be referred to two different regions. The Japanese islands exhibit a decided Palaearctic See also:fish fauna with a slight influx of tropical forms in the south. In the east, as well as in the See also:west, the distinction between the Europaeo-Asiatic and the North American regions disappears almost entirely as we advance farther towards the north. Finally, the Europaeo-Asiatic fauna mingles with See also:African and See also:Indian forms in Syria, See also:Persia and See also:Afghanistan. The boundaries of the North American or Nearctic region have been sufficiently indicated. The main features and the See also:distribution of this fauna are identical with those of the preceding region.

End of Article: NORTHERN ZONE

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