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PHERECRATES

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 365 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PHERECRATES , See also:

Greek poet of the Old See also:Attic See also:Comedy, was a contemporary of See also:Cratinus, See also:Crates and See also:Aristophanes. At first an actor, he seems to have gained a See also:prize for a See also:play in 438 B.C. The only other ascertained date in his See also:life is 420, when he produced his play The See also:Wild Men. Like Crates, whom he imitated, he abandoned See also:personal See also:satire for more See also:general themes, although in some of the fragments of his plays we find him attacking See also:Alcibiades and others. He was especially famed for his inventive See also:imagination, and the elegance and purity of his diction are attested by the epithet arruccararos (most Attic) applied to him by See also:Athenaeus and the sophist Phrynichus. He was the inventor of a new See also:metre, called after him Pherecratean, which frequently occurs in the choruses of Greek tragedies and in See also:Horace. A considerable number of fragments from his 16 (or. 13) plays has been preserved, collected in T. See also:Kock, Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta, i. (188o), and A. See also:Meineke, Poetarum Comicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (1855). See also:Para position, or by oxidizing ortho-hydroxydiaminodiphenylamines (R.

Nietzki, Ber., 1895, 28, p. 2976; 0. See also:

Fischer, ibid., 1896, 29, I p. 1874). They are yellowish-red solids, which behave as weak bases, their salts undergoing hydrolytic See also:dissociation in aqueous See also:solution. When heated with concentrated hydrochloric See also:acid the amino See also:group is replaced by the hydroxyl group and the phenolic eurhodols are produced. The symmetrical diaminophenazine is the See also:parent substance of the important dyestuff toluylene red or dimethyldiaminotoluphenazine. It is obtained by the oxidation of orthophenylene diamine with ferric chloride; when a mixture of para-aminodimethylaniline and See also:meta-toluylenediamine is oxidized in the See also:cold, toluylene See also:blue, an indamine, being formed as an intermediate product and passing into the red when boiled; and also by the oxidation of dimethylparaphenylene diamine with metatoluylene diamine. It crystallizes in See also:orange-red needles and its alcoholic solution fluoresces strongly. It dyes See also:silk and mordanted See also:cotton a See also:fine See also:scarlet. It is known commercially as neutral red. For the phenazonium salts see See also:SAFRANINE.

Phenazone is an isomer of See also:

phenazine, to which it bears the same relation that phenanthrene bears to See also:anthracene. It is formed by reducing diortho-dinitrodiphenyl with See also:sodium See also:amalgam and methyl See also:alcohol, or by See also:heating diphenylene-ortho-dihydrazine with hydrochloric acid to 15o° C. It crystallizes in needles which melt at 156° C. See also:Potassium permanganate oxidizes it to pyridazine tetra-carboxylic acid. or (X:\/~//) N: \ Phenazine. Phenazone.

End of Article: PHERECRATES

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