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pyrocatechin with orthophenylene diamine (C. Ris, Ber., 1886, 19, p. 2206). It is also formed when ortho-amipodiphenylamine is distilled over lead peroxide (O. See also:

Fischer and E. Hepp). It crystallizes in yellow needles which melt at 1710 C., and are only sparingly soluble in See also:

ALCOHOL

alcohol. Sulphuric See also:

ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid dissolves it, forming a deep-red See also:

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution.

The more complex phenazines, such as the naphthophenazines, naphthazines and naphthotolazines, may be prepared by condensing ortho-diamines with ortho-See also:

QUINONES

quinones (O. Hinsberg, See also:

Ann., 1887, 237, p. 340); by the oxidation of an ortho-diamine in the presence of a-naphthol (0. Witt), and by the decomposition of ortho-anilido-(-toluidido- &c.)-See also:

AZO (c. 1150-1230)

azo compounds with dilute acids. If alkyl or aryl-ortho-diamines be used azonium bases are obtained. The azines are mostly yellow in See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, distil unchanged and are See also:

STABLE

stable to oxidants. They add on alkyl iodides readily, forming alkyl azonium salts. anhydride formation also taking See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place between these hydroxyl See also:

groups. It dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with a yellowish-See also:

green See also:

FLUORESCENCE

fluorescence. The rhodamines, which are closely related to the phthaleins, are formed by the condensation of the alkyl metaaminophenols with See also:

PHTHALIC

phthalic anhydride in the presence of sulphuric acid. Their salts are See also:

FINE

fine red dyes. By the entrance of amino or hydroxyl groups into the See also:

MOLECULE (from mod. Lat. molecula, the diminutive of moles, a mass)

molecule .

PHENOMENON (Gr. 4,atvo..cevov, a thing seen, from cbaiveuOat, dyestuffs are formed. The mono-amino derivatives or eurhodines I to appear in See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language a thin rocess event &c., are obtained when the arvlmonamines are condensed with ortho- )' g g °' p ' ' amino zo compounds; by condensing quinone dichlorimide or I observed by the senses. Thus the rising of the See also:

sun, a thunderpara-nitrosodimethyl aniline with monamines containing a See also:

FREE

free I See also:

storm, an See also:

EARTHQUAKE

earthquake are natural " phenomena." From this springs the incorrect colloquial sense, something out of the See also:

COMMON

common, an event which especially strikes the See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention; hence such phrases as " phenomenal " activity. In See also:

Greek See also:

PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy phenomena are the changing See also:

OBJECTS

objects of the senses as opposed to essences (ra See also:

AURA (from the Gr. for " breath " or " breeze ")

aura) which are one and permanent, and are therefore regarded as being more real, the objects of See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason rather than of senses which are " See also:

BAD, BCD

bad witnesses." In See also:

MODERN

modern philosophy the phenomenon is neither the " thing-in-itself," nor the See also:

NOUMENON (Gr. voouµevov, a thing known, from voeiv)

noumenon (q.v.) or See also:

OBJECT

object of pure thought, but the thing-in-itself as it appears to the mind in sensation (see especially See also:

KANT, IMMANUEL (1724-1804)

KANT; and See also:

METAPHYSICS). In this sense the subjective See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character is of See also:

PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime importance. Among derivative terms are " Phenomenalism" and "Phenomenology." Phenomenalism is either (I) the See also:

DOCTRINE

doctrine that there can be no knowledge except by phenomena, i.e. sense-given data, or (2) the doctrine that all known things are phenomena, i.e. that there are no " things-inthemselves." " Phenomenology " is the See also:

SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science of phenomena: every See also:

SPECIAL

special science has a special See also:

section in which its particular phenomena are described. The See also:

TERM

term was first used in See also:

ENGLISH

English in the 3rd edition of the Ency. Brit. in the See also:

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article " Philosophy " by J. Robison. Kant has a special use of the term for that See also:

PART

part of the Metaphysic of Nature which considers See also:

motion and See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest as predicates of a See also:

JUDGMENT

judgment about things.

End of Article: PHENAZINE (Azophenylene), C12H5N2

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