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TEREPHTHALIC

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 33 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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TEREPHTHALIC See also:

ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

ACID See also:

SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

Sodium See also:

AMALGAM

amalgam in faintly alkaline See also:

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution Sodium amalgam (hot) HEXAHYDRO Tropilene, C7H,oO, is obtained in small quantities by the See also:

DISTILLATION (from the Lat. distillare, more correctly destillare, to drop or trickle down)

distillation of a-methyltropine methyl hydroxide, and by the See also:

HYDROLYSIS (Gr. 6Swp, water, Anew, to loosen)

hydrolysis of 13-methyltropidine with dilute hydrochloric acid. It is an oily liquid, with an odour resembling that of See also:

BENZALDEHYDE (oil of bitter almonds), C6H5CHO

benzaldehyde. It forms a benzal See also:

compound, and gives an oyxmethylene derivative and cannot be oxidized to an acid, reactions which point to it being a ketone containing the grouping -See also:

CH2•CO-. It is thus to be regarded as a cyclo-heptene-I-one-7. Cyclo-heptane carboxylic acid (suberanic acid), C7H18CO2H, is obtained by the reduction of cyclo-heptene-i-carboxylic acid; from brom-cyclo-heptane by the Grignard reaction; and by the reduction of hydrotropilidine carboxylic acid by sodium in alcoholic solution (R. Willstatter, Ber., 1898, 31, p. 2504). The corresponding oxyacid is obtained by the hydrolysis of the nitrite, which is formed by the addition of hydrocyanic acid to suberone (A. Spiegel, See also:

Ann., 1882, 2I1, p. 117). Four cyclo-heptene carboxylic acids are known. Cyclo-heptene- (-carboxylic acid-i is prepared from oxysuberanic acid.

This acid when heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid to 120-130° C. yields a chlor-acid, which on warming with alcoholic potash is trans-formed into the cyclo-heptene compound. Cyclo-heptene-2-carboxylic acid-i is formed by the reduction of cyclo-heptatriene 2.4.6-carboxylic acid-I. On boiling with See also:

CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

caustic soda it isomerizes to the corresponding I-acid. Cyclo-heptatriene carboxylic acids, C7H7CO2H. All four are known. According to F. See also:

BUCHNER, FRIEDRICH KARL CHRISTIAN LUDWIG (1824-1899)

Buchner (Ber., 1898, 31, p. 2242) they may be represented as follows : cop See also:

COATI

coati A.1,3,5aot (11,3,corp. A1,4.6orr LI24,60rS The a-acid (a-isophenylacetic acid) is obtained by the hydrolysis of pseudophenylacetamide, formed by condensing diazoacetic ester with See also:

BENZENE, C6H6

benzene, the resulting pseudophenyl acetic ester being then See also:

LEFT

left in contact with strong See also:

AMMONIA (NH3)

ammonia for a See also:

long See also:

time. 13-Isophenylacetic acid is formed by strongly See also:

HEATING

heating pseudophenylacetic ester in an See also:

air-See also:

FREE

free sealed See also:

TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube and hydrolysing the resulting -isophenylacetic ester. y-Isophenylacetic acid is obtained by heating the 13 and S acids for a long time with alcoholic potash (A. See also:

EINHORN, DAVID (1809—1879)

Einhorn, Ber., 1894, 27, p. 2828; E.

Buchner, Ber., 1898, 31, p. 2249). S-Isophenylacetic acid is obtained by heating the iodmethylate of anhydroecgonine ester with dilute caustic soda (A. Einhorn, Ber., 1893, 26, P. 329)- Numerous amino-derivatives of the cyclo-heptane See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series have been prepared by R. Willstatter in the course of his investigations on the constitution of See also:

TROPINE, C8H15NO

tropine (q.v.). Amino-cyclo-heptane (suberylamine) is obtained by the reduction of suberone oxime or by the See also:

ACTION

action of sodium hypobromite on the See also:

AMIDE

amide of cycloheptane carboxylic acid. Cyclo-octane See also:

GROUP

Group. Few members of this group are known. By the distillation of the See also:

CALCIUM [symbol Ca, atomic weight 40.0 (o= x6)]

calcium See also:

salt of azelaic acid H. See also:

Mayer (Ann., 1893, 275, p. 363) obtained azelain ketone, See also:

C8H,4O, a liquid of See also:

PEPPERMINT

peppermint odour.

It boils at 90-91° C. (23 mm.) and is readily oxidized by See also:

POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

potassium permanganate to oxysuberic acid. It is apparently cyclo-octanone (see also W. See also:

Miller and A. Tschitschkin, Centralblatt, 1899, 2., p. 181). Pseudopelletierine (methyl granatonine), C9H16NO, an See also:

ALKALOID

alkaloid of the See also:

POMEGRANATE

pomegranate, is a derivative of cyclo-octane, and resembles tropine in that it contains a See also:

NITROGEN [symbol N., atomic weight 14.01, 0=16]

nitrogen See also:

BRIDGE

bridge between two See also:

CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon atoms. It is an inactive See also:

BASE

base, and also has ketonic properties. On oxidation it yields methyl granatic ester, which, by the exhaustive methylation See also:

PROCESS

process, is converted into homopiperylene dicarboxylic ester, HO2C -CH :CH -CH2 .CH2 .CH :CH .See also:

CO2H

CO2H, from which suberic acid may be obtained on reduction. When reduced in alcoholic solution by means of sodium amalgam it yields methyl granatoline, C8H,8OH.NCH3; this substance, on oxidation with See also:

COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold potassium permanganate, is converted into granatoline, C8H16NO, which on distillation over See also:

ZINC

zinc dust yields See also:

PYRIDINE

pyridine. Methyl granatoline on treatment with hydriodic acid and red See also:

PHOSPHORUS (Gr. 4ws, light, sPEpety, to bear)

phosphorus, followed by caustic potash, yields methyl granatinine, C9H,6N, which when heated with hydriodic acid and phosphorus to 24o° C. is converted into methyl granatanine, C8H,4.NCH3, and granatanine, CSH,4NH. The hydrochloride of the latter base when distilled over zinc dust yields a-propyl pyridine.

By the electrolytic reduction of pseudopelletierine, N-methyl granatanine is obtained, and this by exhaustive methylation is converted into .a 'See also:

des-drmethyl granatanine. This latter compound readily forms an iodmethylate, which on treatment with See also:

SILVER

silver See also:

OXIDE

oxide yields the corresponding ammonium hydroxide. The ammonium hydroxide on distillation decomposes into trimethylamine, See also:

WATER

water and cyclo-octadiene•1.3.

End of Article: TEREPHTHALIC

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