Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

This 1911 version of Encyclopedia Britannica is a community project where anybody can edit/correct articles and add comments about the original encyclopedia articles. Thousands of corrections have already been posted and hundreds of user comments have been published. Thank you for your support and contributions.

The Online Encyclopedia is based on the 11th Edition Encyclopedia Britannica, first published in 1911. This historically significant book is the last encyclopedia to offer articles in such extreme depth. Over 320 historians, 250 ministers, and many diplomats, theologists, scientists, and government officials from around the world personally wrote this encyclopedia's articles. With over 44 million words, we know you will find this text as enriching and exciting as we do!

Encyclopedia Home

TAXATION (from " tax," derived, through the French, from Lat. taxare, to appraise, which again is connected with the same root as tangere, to touch)

TAYGETUS (Tavyeros or Tairyerov, mod. St Elias or Pentedaktylon)

TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)

TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)

TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)

TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)

TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)

TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)

TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)

TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)

TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)

TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)

TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)

TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)

TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)

TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)

TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)

TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)

TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)

TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

TCHERNAIEV, MIKHAIL GREGORJOVICH (1828—1898)

TCHIHATCHEFF, PIERRE ALEXANDROWITSCH DE (1812-189o)

TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

TEAL (O.E. tele)

TEANO (anc. Teanum Sidicinum)

TEATE MARRUCINORUM [mod. Chieti, q.v.]

TEBESSA (the Roman Theveste)

TECHNICAL EDUCATION

TECUCI (Tecuciu)

TECUMSEH, TECUMTHE, or TECUMTHA1 (c. 1768—1813)

TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

TEGETTHOFF, WILHELM VON, BARON (1827-1871)

TEGGIANO (anc. Tegianum, formerly called Diana)

TEGNER, ESAIAS (1782-1846)

TEHERAN (more properly TEHRAN)

TEHUANTEPEC (from tecuani-tepec—" jaguar-hill ")

TEHUELCHE, CHUELCHE

TEIGNMOUTH, JOHN SHORE, 1ST BARON (1751-1834)

TEISSERENC DE BORT, PIERRE EDMOND (1814-1892)

TELAMONES (Gr. reXaµwv, supporter, from rXitval, to bear)

TELANG, KASHINATH TRIMBAK (1850-1893)

TELEGONY (Gr. TT/Xe, far, and yovos, offspring)

TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

TELEOLOGY (Gr. Taos, end)

TELEPATHY (Gr. rnXe, far, wan, feelings), or THOUGHT TRANSFERENCE

TELEPHONE (Gr. rjXs, far, and dxwvr7, voice)

TELESIA [mod. Telese]

TELESIO, BERNARDINO (1509-1588)

TELFORD, THOMAS (1757—.1834)

TELIGNY, CHARLES DE (c. 1535—1572)

TELLER, WILHELM ABRAHAM (1734-1804)

TELLURIUM [Symbol Te, atomic weight 127.5 (0=16)]

TEMBU (Ama-Tembu)

TEMENOS (Gr. TEµevos, TElcvfw, to cut)

TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

TEMPERA (the Italian term), or DISTEMPER

TEMPERATURE IN PLATINUM DEGREES

TEMPEST, MARIE (1866– )

TEMPIO PAUSANIA

TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)

TEMPLE, RICHARD

TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART

TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

TEN BRINK, BERNHARD EGIDIUS KONRAD (1841-1892)

TEN KATE, JAN JACOB LODEWIJK (1819-1889)

TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

TENCH (Tina vulgaris)

TENCIN, CLAUDINE ALEXANDRINE GUERIN DE (1681-1749)

TENCIN, PIERRE GUERIN DE (1679-1758)

TENEBRAE (Lat. for " shadows," " darkness ")

TENEMENT (Med. Lat. tenetnentum, from tenere, to hold)

TENERIFFE [Tenerife]

TENISON, THOMAS (1636-1715)

TENNANT, CHARLES (1768-1838)

TENNANT, SMITHSON (1761-1815)

TENNANT, WILLIAM (1784-1848)

TENNENT, SIR JAMES EMERSON, BART

TENNESSEE RIVER

TENNIEL, SIR JOHN (182o- )

TENNIS (sometimes called royal tennis, and, in America, court tennis)

TENNYSON, ALFRED TENNYSON

TENOR (through Fr. and It. from Lat. tenor, holding on, course, sense of a law, tone)

TENREC (Centetes ecaudatus)

TENTERDEN, CHARLES ABBOTT

TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

TEPLITZ (Czech, Teplice)

TER BORCH (or TERBURG), GERARD (1617–1681)

TERAPHIM (A.V. sometimes transcribes, e.g. Judges xvii. 5; xviii. 14 seq.; Hosea iii. 4; sometimes translates " image," r Sam. xix. 13; " idols," Zech. x. 2; idolatry," 1 Sam. xv. 23: R.V. renders consistently "teraphim ")

TERBIUM [symbol Tb, atomic weight 159.2 (0=16)]

TERGESTE (mod. Trieste, q.v.)

TERMINAL FIGURES

TERMINATOR (from the Latin terminare, to limit)

TERMINI IMERESE (anc. Thermae Himeraeae)

TERMONDE (Flemish Dendermonde)

TERN (Norsk taerne, tende or tende; Swedish tarna; Dutch Stern1)

TERNI (anc. Interamna Nahars)

TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

TERRACINA (Lat. Tarracina, Volsc. Anxur)

TERRAMARA (from Ital. terra mama, " marl ")

TERRANOVA PAUSANIA

TERRISS, WILLIAM (1847–1897)

TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS

TERRY, ELLEN ALICIA (1848– )

TERSTEEGEN, GERHARD (1697–1769)

TERTIARIES (Lat. tertiarii, from tertius, third)

TERTULLIAN (c. 155-c. 222)

TESCHEN (Czech, Tesin; Polish, Cieszyn)

TESSELLATED (Lat. tessellatus,)

TESSIN, CARL GUSTAF, COUNT (1695-1770)

TESTAMENTS OF THE THREE PATRIARCHS

TESTAMENTS OF THE TWELVE PATRIARCHS

TESTAMENTUM DOMINI (" TESTAMENT OF OUR LORD ")

TESTER (Fr, teetiere, head-covering, from teete)

TETANUS (from Gr. rei:vw, I stretch, on account of the tension of the fibres of the affected muscles), or LOCKJAW

TETRAGRAMMATON (rerrapa, four; ypciµµa, letter)

TETRAHEDRON (Gr. riepa-, four, Ebpa, face or base)

TETRARCH (TETp&pX1)S)

TETRASTOON (Gr. TErpa-, four, and vroi, a portico)

TETRASTYLE (Gr. ehpa-, four, and ari)aos, a column)

TETUAN (TETTAwAN)

TETZEL, JOHANN (c. 1460–1519)

TEUFFEL, WILHELM SIEGMUND (1820–1878)

TEUTOBURGER WALD

TEUTONI, or TEUTONES

TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

TEUTONIC ORDER, THE

TEUTONIC PEOPLES

TEVIOT, ANDREW RUTHERFORD, EARL OF (d. 1664)

TEWFIK PASHA (1852-1892)

TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

TEXTUAL CRITICISM

TEZPUR, or TEJPUR

THACKERAY, WILLIAM MAKEPEACE (1811-1863)

THALBERG, SIGISMOND (1812-1871)

THALES OF MILETUS (640–546 B.C.)

THALWEG (a German word compounded from Thal, valley, and YPeg, way)

THANA, or TANNA (=a fort, or police-station)

THANESAR (=" place of the god ")

THANET, ISLE OF

THANKSGIVING DAY

THAR AND PARKAR, or THUR AND PARKER

THATCH (O.E. thaec; the word is common to many Teutonic languages in the sense of " roof," " cover "; cf. Du. dak, Ger. Dach; from Du. dekken comes " deck "; the Indo-European root is stag, whence Gr. or.yos, roof, Lat. tegere, to cover; the French equiva

THAXTER, CELIA (1836—1894)

THAYER, ABBOTT HANDERSON (1849— )

THAYER, JAMES BRADLEY (1831—1902)

THAYER, JOSEPH HENRY (1828-1901)

THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

THE ARCHBISHOPRIC OF MAGDEBURG

THE BASE OF A WALL

THE BASSANI, THE BONIFAZI

THE BIGHORN MOUNTAINS OF WYOMING

THE CAMPAIGN OF

THE CAMPAIGN OF 1796 IN

THE CELLULAR DOCTRINE IN

THE CHARLEMAGNE

THE CLASS AS A WHOLE

THE COPTIC CHURCH IN

THE DUTCH SCHOOL OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

THE EARLY COUNTS OF

THE EPISTLE OF BARNABAS

THE EYEPIECE OR

THE GREAT ITALIAN MASTERS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

THE INTERIOR OF THE CRANIUM

THE ITALIAN WAR OF

THE LATER PHASES OF ITALIAN PAINTING

THE LYRIC AND DRAMATIC OR

THE MIDDLE HIGH GERMAN

THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF

THE NUMBER OF VERTEBRAE OF SOME SPECIMENS IN THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE

THE OLD HIGH GERMAN

THE ORLEANS CAMPAIGN OF

THE OWNER AND HIS

THE PRINCIPLES OF

THE RENAISSANCE

THE RESTORATION

THE SANCTUARY OF

THE SCOTTISH MAIDEN

THE SKULL FROM BEHIND (norma occipitalis) (fig. 3)

THE SKULL IN SAGITTAL SECTION

THE SKULL, FROM

THE SKULL, FROM IN FRONT (norma facialis) (see fig. t)

THE SYMPATHETIC

THE TESTING OF THE

THE WAR OF THE SECOND

THE WRITINGS OF

THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

THEBES (anciently &Oat, Thebae, or in poetry sometimes Oif3a, in modern Greek Phiva, or, according to the corrected pronunciation, Thivae)

THEBES, ROMANCE OF

THEGN, or THANE

THEISM (Gr. Beor, god)

THEISS (Hungarian, Tisza; Lat., Tisia or Tissus)

THEMISTIUS (317--?387)

THEMISTOCLES (c. 514-449 B.C.)

THENARD, LOUIS JACQUES (1777-1857)

THEOBALD, (d. 1161)

THEOBALD, LEWIS (1688-1744)

THEOCRACY (Gr. Oeoeparia, the rule of God, from Oebr, god, and -Kparca, Kpare v, to rule)

THEODECTES (c. 380–340 B.C.)

THEODORA (d. 1057)

THEODORE (602-690)

THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)

THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

THEODORE LASCARIS (d. 1222)

THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA (c. 350-428)

THEODORUS STUDITA (A.D. 759-826)

THEODORUS, FLAVIUS MALLIUS

THEODOSIUS OF TRIPOLIS

THEOGNIS OF MEGARA (6th century B.C.)

THEOPHANO (c. 956–991)

THEOPHYLACT (d. c.. 1110)

THEOPOMPUS (b. c. 380)

THEORETICAL SHIPBUILDING

THEORY OF CAPILLARY

THEOSOPHY (from Gr. Oe6s, god, and vogbta, wisdom)

THERALITE (Gk. 9rlpav, to pursue)

THERAMENES (d. 4o3 B.c.)

THERAPEUTAE (Gr. BepaawTat, literally " attendants " or " physicians," hence " worshippers of God ")

THERAPEUTICS (Gr. BepaaeuTLKIi, Sc. TEXVrt, from Beparebsty, to serve)

THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

THERMIDOR (from Gr. BEpµrt, heat, and & pov, gift)

THERMOCHEMISTRY

THERMODYNAMICS (from Gr. Bepµos, hot, Siva trs, force)

THERMOELECTRICITY

THERMOMETRY (Gr. Bepµos, warm; µerpov, a measure)

THERMOPYLAE (Gr. OepµSs, hot, and 1rf)X,

THEROIGNE DE MERICOURT, ANNE JOSEPHE (1762-1817)

THESAURUS (Gr. B17o-avp6s)