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TEWKESBURY , a See also:market See also:town and municipal See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough in the Tewkesbury See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Gloucestershire, See also:England, 151 M. N.E. of See also:Gloucester by the Midland railway. Pop. (1901) J419. It lies in a See also:flat See also:pastoral See also:district, with See also:low hills to the See also:south, on the See also:Warwickshire See also:Avon, See also:close to its junction with the See also:Severn. The Severn is crossed by an See also:iron See also:bridge with a flattened See also:arch of 170 ft. span, erected by See also:Telford in 1824. Of the See also:great See also:Benedictine See also:abbey, one of the richest See also:foundations in England, refounded and enlarged by See also:Sir See also:Robert Fitz-See also:Hamon in the 12th See also:century on the site of an See also:ancient hermitage and Saxon monastery, there only remain the See also:gate and a few other fragments. The abbey See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, however, consecrated in 1125, is a magnificent specimen of See also:early See also:Norman. This elaborate cruciform See also:building consists of See also:nave and See also:side aisles, with transepts See also:united by a See also:grand central See also:tower richly arcaded. The See also:choir terminates in an See also:apse and is surrounded by an See also:ambulatory. One of the most remarkable features of the building is the unique western front, the central See also:part of which is occupied by one vast arch extending from the ground to the roof. Originally it was filled in with Norman windows, but a Perpendicular window now occupies the space. The whole building under-went restoration in the Decorated See also:period, and of this See also:style it is one of the finest existing examples. The Norman windows in the nave were replaced, and See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone groining was substituted for the carved wooden See also:ceiling, a like transformation taking See also:place in the transepts. The Norman columns in the choir still exist; but above them rises a grand superstructure of Decorated See also:work. The elegant See also:clerestory windows are of the 14th century, with stained See also:glass of the same date. The ambulatory was re-built some distance farther out, and from it projected a beautiful See also:series of chapels. The elaborate tombs include those of Sir Robert Fitz-Hamon, the De Spensers, Alan See also:prior of See also:Canterbury, Sir See also:Guy de Brien, and the vault of See also:George See also:duke of See also:Clarence (murdered in the Tower) and his wife See also:Isabella. See also:Edward, See also:prince of See also:Wales, slain after the See also:battle of Tewkesbury (1471) by the Yorkists, is also buried in the church. Of the two See also:organs, one, dating from the early 17th century, is of singularly beautiful See also:tone. In the High See also:Street there are several ancient timbered and gabled houses. Remains of an ancient See also:wall have been discovered adjoining the town. There are a See also:free See also:grammar school (1625) and a number of charities and almshouses. Tewkesbury is chiefly dependent on its agricultural See also:trade. Below the junction of the See also:rivers there is a great See also:lock and See also:weir on the Severn, up to which the stream is sometimes reversed by the tidal See also:bore. The borough is under a See also:mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors. See also:Area, 2532 acres.
Remains of See also:Roman encampments and roads prove that the earliest See also:settlement near Tewkesbury (Theotesburg, Theockesburia, Thooksburi) of which we have See also:evidence was a military encampment against the See also:British. It was the site of a Saxon See also:castle and monastery, and its position near navigable rivers led to the growth of a town, which was a borough with a market in 1087 when it was part of the royal domain. It was subsequently granted to See also:Earl Robert of Gloucester, who granted a See also:charter before 1107, which exempted the borough from certain tolls and from suit at the See also:hundred See also:court. Edward III. See also:con-firmed this charter in 1337, and made Tewkesbury free from tolls throughout England. The borough was incorporated by See also:Elizabeth by a charter of 1574, which was confirmed in 1604, 1605, 1609 (when the See also:manor and borough were sold to the See also:corporation) and 1685, while the town was governed under the charter granted by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William III. in 1698 until the corporation was remodelled in 1835, the See also:modern See also:government consisting of a mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors. Tewkesbury returned two members from 1609 to 1867, when it lost one member, and in 1885 the See also:representation was merged in that of the See also:county. A See also:fair on See also:July 20 was granted in 1323, and fairs on See also:September 21 and See also:August 24 in 1440, and on See also:April 25 in 1574. For the last May 3 was substituted in 1605, and two more fairs on See also:June 11 and September 29 were granted in 1609. All these grants were confirmed by the charter of 1685. One fair only is now held, on See also:October to. It is a See also:pleasure fair and a fair for See also:hiring servants, and has lost the commercial importance of the early See also:wool fairs. The See also:long-existing See also:provision trade along the four rivers declined through railway competition. See also:Cloth-making lasted from the 11th century until the beginning of the 18th; gloving in the 17th century was followed by worsted-combing in the 18th. See also:Cotton-See also:- THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)
thread See also:lace-making, introduced in 1825, collapsed about 1862. Tewkesbury was once celebrated for the manufacture of See also:mustard, which ceased to be important at the end of the 18th century. See also:Stocking-See also:frame See also:knitting was the See also:chief trade in 1830, but has been replaced by the See also:boot and See also:shoe trade. Tewkesbury was strategically important in the See also:Wars of the See also:Roses, and was the site of a battle in 1471, and in the See also:Civil See also:War was four times besieged.
See See also:Victoria County See also:History, Gloucestershire; See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James Bennet, History of Tewkesbury (185o); William Wyde, History of Tewkesbury (1798).
End of Article: TEWKESBURY
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