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See also:TERTIARIES (See also:Lat. tertiarii, from tertius, third) , associations of See also:lay folk in connexion with the Mendicant Orders. The old monastic orders had had attached to their abbeys confraternities of lay men and See also:women, going back in some cases to the 8th See also:century. The Confraternity See also:Book of See also:Durham is extant and embraces some 20,000 names in the course of eight centuries. Emperors and See also:kings and the most illustrious men in See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church and See also:state were commonly confraters of one or other of the See also:great See also:Benedictine abbeys. (On this subject see See also:article by See also:Edmund See also:Bishop in Downside See also:Review, 1885.) The confraters and consorors were made partakers in all the religious exercises and other See also:good See also:works of the community to which they were affiliated, and they were expected in return to protect and forward its interests; but they were not called upon to follow any See also:special See also:rule of See also:life.
Although something of the See also:kind existed among the Htxmiliati in the 12th century, the institution of Tertiaries arose out of the Franciscan See also:movement. It seems to be certain that St See also:Francis at the beginning had no intention of forming his disciples into an See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
Order, but only of making a great brotherhood of all those who were prepared to carry out in their lives certain of the greater and more arduous of the See also:maxims of the See also:Gospel The formation of the Franciscan Order was necessitated by the success of the movement and the wonderful rapidity with which it spread. When the immediate disciples of the See also:saint had become an order See also:bound by the religious vows, it became necessary to provide for the great See also:body of laity, married men and women, who could not leave the See also:world or abandon their avocations, but still were See also:part of the Franciscan movement and desired to carry out in their lives its spirit and teaching, And so, probably in 1221, St Francis See also:drew up a Rule for those of his followers who were debarred from being members of the order of Friars See also:Minor. At first they were called " See also:Brothers and Sisters of the Order of See also:Penance "; but later on, when the Friars were called the " First Order " and the nuns the " Second Order," the Order of Penance became the " Third Order of St Francis "—whence the name Tertiaries: this threefold See also:division already existed among the Humiliate..
In Igor See also:Paul See also:Sabatier published a " Rule of Life of the Brothers and Sisters of Penance," which probably contains, with additions, the substance of the See also:original Rule of 1221. It prescribes severe simplicity of See also:dress and of life, and certain abstinences and prayers and other religious exercises, and forbids the frequentation of the See also:theatre, the bearing of arms and the taking of oaths except when administered by magistrates. In 1289 See also:Nicholas IV. approved the Third Order by a See also:Bull, but made some alterations in the Rule, and this See also:form of the Rule remained in force until our own See also:day.
Immediately on its See also:establishment in 1221 the Third Order
spread with incredible rapidity all over See also:Italy and throughout western See also:Europe, and embraced multitudes of men and women of all ranks from highest to lowest. Everywhere it was connected closely with the First Order, and was under the See also:control of the Friars Minor.
In See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time a tendency set in for members of the Third Order to live together in community, and in this way congregations were formed who took the usual religious vows and lived a fully organized religious life based on the Rule of the Third Order with supplementary regulations. These congregations are the " See also:Regular Tertiaries " as distinguished from the " See also:Secular Tertiaries," who lived in the world, according to the original See also:idea. The Regular Tertiaries are in the full technical sense " religious," and there have been, and are, many congregations of them, both of men and of women.
There can be little doubt, whatever See also:counter claims may be set up, that the Third Order was one of St Francis' creations, and that his Third Order was the exemplar after which the others were fashioned; but at an See also:early date the other Mendicant Orders formed Third Orders on the same lines, and so there came into being Dominican Tertiaries, and Carmelite, and Augustinian, and Servite, and also Premonstratensian and many others. These followed the same lines of development as the Franciscan Tertiaries, and for the most part divided into the two branches of regular and secular Tertiaries. The Rules of the various Third Orders have proved very adaptable to the needs of See also:modern congregations devoted to active works of charity; and so a great number of teaching and See also:nursing congregations of women belong to one or other of the Third Orders.
The Franciscan Third Order has always been the See also:principal one, and it received a great impetus and a renewed See also:vogue from See also:Leo XIII., who in 1883 caused the Rule to be recast and made more suitable for the requirements of devout men and women at the See also:present day. In consequence it is estimated that the number of lay Franciscan Tertiaries now exceeds two millions.
End of Article: TERTIARIES (Lat. tertiarii, from tertius, third)
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