CH2 CH2 HC(OH) CH(011) (3) p. 2287). On oxidation with See also:

• POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

It is an oil of strong rose odour, which boils at I Io° C. (10 mm.). Chromic acid mixture oxidizes it to rhodinal and rhodinic acid, whilst by drastic oxidation it yields acetone and p-methyladipic acid. Geraniol, C1°H170H, or (CH3)2C :CH . (CH2)2.0 (CH3) :CH•CH2OH, 2.6 dimethyl-octadiene-2.6-ol-8, is found in the See also:

• OILS (adopted from the Fr. oile, mod. huile, Lat. oleum, olive oil)

Chem., 1897 (2), 56, p. 507). It may also be prepared by reducing the corresponding aldehyde (citral) with See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

It boils at 226-227° C. (755 mm.), and has a distinctive rose odour. It is inactive and is to be regarded as a stereo-isomer of geraniol. It does not form a compound with calcium chloride. It combines with four atoms of See also:

• BROMINE (symbol Br, atomic weight 79-96)

The inactive variety can be prepared from geraniol, this See also:

• ALCOHOL

Jour., 1889, II, p. 456); it is also found in See also:

• EUCALYPTUS

Tiemann, Ber., 1896, 29, p. 913). It combines with sodium bisulphite, giving a normal bisulphite and also a mono- and dihydrosulphonic acid. Geranial (citral), C10H16O, is the aldehyde corresponding to geraniol. It occurs in the oils of lemon, See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

It combines with p-naphthylamine and pyruric acid, in alcoholic solution, to form the characteristic citryl-/3-naphthocinchonic acid, C23H23NO2•2H2O, which is useful for identifying citral. The crude citral obtained from essential oils is a mixture of two ethylene stereo-isomers which are designated as citral-a and citral-b (F. Tiemann and M. Kerschbaum, Ber., 1900, '33, p. 877). Citral-a boils at 110-112° C. (12 mm.) and citral-b at 102-104° C. The structural identity of the two forms has been confirmed by C. Harries (Ber., 1907, 40, p. 2823), who has shown that their ozonides (prepared from the citrals by the action of See also:

• OZONE

Tiemann, Revue gen. de chins. pure et appl., 1, 16, p. 150). Citral condenses readily with acetone, in the presence of alkalis, to form pseudo-ionone (see Ionone, below). The compounds of the citral See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

2691) obtained pseudo-ionone (i), an oil of boiling-point 143-145° C. (12 mm.), which on boiling with sulphuric acid is converted into a mixture of the isomeric a- and /3-ionones (2 and 3) (1) (CH3)2C:CH•(CH2)2•C(CH3):CH•CH:CH•CO•CH3 C(CH3)2 C(CHa)2 See also:

• H2C

It may be obtained by fractionating oil of cade, converting the crude hydrocarbon into its dihydrochloride and decomposing this by boiling with See also:

• ANILINE, PHENYLADIINE, or AMINOBENZENE, (C6H5NH2)

$40). Caryophyllene alcohol is obtained from oil of cloves; by elimination of water it yields clovene, C15H2a, a liquid which boils at 261-263° C. Many di- and tri-See also:

• TERPENES

See also:

• LAPWORTH, CHARLES (1842– )