Online Encyclopedia
Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
ULTIMATUM (from Lat. ultimus, last)
Online EncyclopediaEncyclopedia Home :: TUM-VAN
del.icio.us it!
|
See also:ULTIMATUM (from See also:Lat. ultimus, last) , a word used in See also:diplomacy to signify the final terms submitted by one of the parties in negotiation for See also:settlement of any subject .of disagreement. It is accompanied by an intimation as to how refusal will be regarded. See also:English diplomacy has devised the adroit See also:reservation that refusal will be regarded as an " unfriendly See also:act," a phrase which serves as a warning that the consequences of the rupture of negotiations will be considered from the point of view of forcing a settlement. This opens up a variety of possibilities, such as See also:good offices, See also:mediation, the See also:appointment of a See also:commission of inquiry, See also:arbitration, See also:reprisals, pacific See also:blockade and See also:war.' As regards the alternative of war, the See also:Hague See also:convention relative to the Opening of Hostilities of the 18th of See also:October 19o7, provides as follows: " Considering that it is important, in See also:order to ensure the maintenances of pacific relations, that hostilities should not commence without previous warning," it is agreed by the Contracting See also:Powers to " recognize that hostilities between them must not commence without a previous and explicit warning in the See also:form of either a See also:declaration of war, giving reasons, or an ultimatum with a conditional declaration of war." As reasons for a declaration of war are necessarily in the nature of an ultimatum, the ultimatum may now be regarded as an indispensable formality precedent to the outbreak of hostilities. Another Hague convention of the same date respecting the See also:limitation of the employment of force for the recovery of See also:contract debts provides as follows: " Being desirous of preventing between nations armed conflicts originating in a pecuniary dispute respecting contract debts claimed from the See also:government of one See also:country by the government of another country as due to its subjects or citizens," the Contracting Powers agree not to have recourse to armed force for the recovery of contract debts claimed from the government of one country by the government of another country as being due to its subjects or citizens. This undertaking, however, is not applicable when the debtor ' To these may be added a new unofficial method devised by the See also:Turks in connexion with the Austro-See also:Turkish difficulty over the See also:annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, viz. the boycotting of the goods and See also:ships of the natives of the See also:state against which the grievance exists. This is a method open to weaker as against more powerful states, which can have serious coercive and even complicated consequences under the See also:influence of democratic institutions. state refuses or neglects to reply to an offer of arbitration or, " after accepting the offer, renders the settlement of the cornpromis impossible, or, after the arbitration, fails to comply with the See also:award." Under this convention, in the cases to which it relates, the alternative of the ultimatum is ipso facto arbitration, and it is only when the conditions of the convention have been set at naught that other See also:measures may be employed. End of Article: ULTIMATUM (from Lat. ultimus, last)Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML. Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide. |
|
|
[back] ULSTER, EARLS OF |
[next] ULTRAMARINE |