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VISITING See also:CARDS . The use of cards of See also:personal See also:identification for social purposes is generally supposed to have had its origin at the See also:court of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. of See also:France, that centre of the See also:etiquette of the 17th See also:century. But there appears to be little doubt that, in a rougher and ruder See also:form, this See also:mark of intercourse See also:dates from much earlier times, and that the See also:Chinese, and possibly other See also:Oriental nations also, had in bygone ages employed such mediums of communication on calling at the houses of absent See also:friends. When and where visiting cards first came into See also:vogue in See also:Europe is a See also:matter of some uncertainty. It is probable, how-ever, that they were first used in See also:Germany—and as See also:early as the 16th century. A See also:German visiting card recently discovered in See also:Venice bears this inscription: Johannes Westerholt See also:West phalus scribebat, Patavii, 4 Martii z5 x 6o. Concerning this, See also:Professor Dr Kirmis (Daheim, See also:September 3oth, 1905) remarks that the German students in See also:Padua were wont, on quitting the university, to pay farewell calls at the houses of the professors, and, in the event of not finding them within, to leave their names on See also:paper billets; and he adds that the See also:custom must, until that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, have been unknown in See also:Italy, for this card of the student Wester-See also:bolt was sent by Professor Giacomo See also:Contarini on the 15th of See also:January 1572 to Venice as a curiosity. Under the reign of Louis XIV"., however, the See also:fashion appears to have become firmly established in France. Small strips of paper were at first employed for the purpose of the communication; but gradually they attained a more elaborate finish and See also:execution. Ladies especially seem to have been the pioneers in this direction, and to have embellished their cards with See also:hand drawings, sometimes taking the form of " See also:hearts " and other amorous tokens of See also:affection. Under Louis Xv, the reign of exquisite extravagance
and refined See also:taste, visiting 'cards were furnished with delicate engravings, frequently masterpieces of that See also:art, showing some fanciful landscape, or a view of the See also:town or See also:place where the See also:person resided. A further See also:stage in the development of this custom was the autograph See also:signature at the See also:foot of the card beneath the engraved view. See also:England followed the See also:lead of France, and visiting cards became a universal fashion in Europe towards the See also:close of the 18th century. But though in almost every See also:European See also:country there are See also:variations in the See also:size and shape of the card and the way of describing the quality of the person whom it represents, the See also:modern tendency is everywhere in favour of simplicity and the avoidance of ostentation.
A valuable collection of visiting cards is that of the Gabinetto della Stampe in See also:Rome and the Museo Civico in Venice.
End of Article: VISITING CARDS
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