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ASTARABAD

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 791 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ASTARABAD , the See also:

capital of the See also:

province, is situated on the Astar, a small tributary of the Kara Su (See also:

Black See also:

RIVER

river), which flows into the See also:

CASPIAN

Caspian See also:

Sea 20 M. W. of the See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and about 18 m. S. of the Gurgan river, in 36° 51' N. See also:

LAT

lat. and 54° 26' E. See also:

long. It is surrounded by a mud See also:

wall about 30 ft. in height and about 31 M. in See also:

CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit, but much of the enclosed space is occupied by gardens, n.ounds of refuse, and ruins. At one See also:

time of greater See also:

SIZE

size, it was reduced by See also:

NADIR (Arabic nadir, " opposite to," used elliptically for nadir-es-semt, "opposite to the zenith ")

Nadir Shah within its See also:

PRESENT

present limits. Astarabad owes its origin to Yazid See also:

IBN

ibn Mohallab, who occupied the province See also:

early in the 8th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century for See also:

SULEIMAN

Suleiman, the seventh of the Omayyad caliphs (715-717), and was destroyed by Timur (Tamerlane) in 1384. See also:

JONAS, JUSTUS (1493–1555)

Jonas See also:

HANWAY, JONAS (1712–1786)

Hanway, the philanthropist (d. 1786), visited the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in 1744, and attempted to open a See also:

DIRECT

direct See also:

trade through it between See also:

EUROPE

Europe and central See also:

ASIA

Asia. Owing to the noxious exhalations of the surrounding forests the See also:

TOWN

town is so extremely unhealthy during the hot See also:

WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather as to have acquired the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of the " See also:

ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

Abode of the See also:

PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

Plague." It has See also:

POST

post and See also:

TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

telegraph offices, and a See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of about Io,000. Since 1890 the Turkomans who impeded trade by their perpetual raids have been kept more in check, and with the decrease of insecurity the commercial activity of Astarabad has increased considerably.

End of Article: ASTARABAD

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