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BOLGARI, or BOLGARY

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 161 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BOLGARI, or BOLGARY , a ruined See also:town of See also:Russia, in the See also:government of Kazan, 4 M. from the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:Volga, in 550 N. See also:lat. It is generally considered to have been the See also:capital of the Bulgarians when they were established in that See also:part of See also:Europe (5th to 15th See also:century). Ruins of the old walls and towers still survive, as well as numerous kurgans or See also:burial-mounds, with See also:inscriptions, some in Arabic (1222-1341), others in Armenian (years 557, 984 and 986), and yet others in Turkic. Upon being opened these tombs were found to contain weapons, implements, utensils, and See also:silver and See also:copper coins, bearing inscriptions, ' Letters and Papers, x. 358. 2 " See also:Sanuto Diaries," See also:October 31, 1532, in Cal. of St. Pap. Venetian, iv. p. 365. ' See also:Original Letters, ed. by See also:Sir H. See also:Ellis, I See also:ser. ii. 37, and Cal. of St.

Pap. Venetian, iv. 351, 418. iv. 6some in See also:

ordinary Arabic, others in Kufic (a See also:kind of epigraphic Arabic). These and other antiquities collected here (1722) are preserved in museums at Kazan, See also:Moscow and St See also:Petersburg. The ruins, which were practically discovered in the reign of See also:Peter the See also:Great, were visited and described by See also:Pallas, See also:Humboldt and others. The See also:city of Bolgari was destroyed by the See also:Mongols in 1238, and again by Tamerlane See also:early in the following century, after which it served as the capital of the Khans (See also:sovereign princes) of the See also:Golden See also:Horde of Mongols, and finally, in the second See also:half of the 15th century it became a part of the principality of Kazan, and so eventually of Russia. The Arab geographer See also:Ibn Haukal states that in his See also:time, near the end of the Toth century, it was a See also:place of 1o,000 inhabitants. See Ibn Fadhlan, Nachrichten fiber See also:die Wolga Bulgaren (Ger. trans. by See also:Frahn, St Petersburg, 1832).

End of Article: BOLGARI, or BOLGARY

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