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CLEARCHUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 476 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CLEARCHUS , the son of Rhamphias, a Spartan See also:

general and See also:condottiere. See also:Born about the See also:middle of the 5th See also:century B.c., Clearchus was sent with a See also:fleet to the See also:Hellespont in 411 and became See also:governor (ap,uoariis) of See also:Byzantium, of which See also:town he was proxenus. His severity, however, made him unpopular, and in his See also:absence the See also:gates were opened to the Athenian besieging See also:army under See also:Alcibiades (400). Subsequently appointed by the ephors to See also:settle the See also:political dissensions then rife at Byzantium and to protect the See also:city and the neighbouring See also:Greek colonies from Thracian attacks, he made himself See also:tyrant of Byzantium, and, when declared an outlaw and driven thence by a Spartan force, he fled to See also:Cyrus. In the " expedition of the ten thousand " undertaken by Cyrus to dethrone his See also:brother See also:Artaxerxes Mnemon, Clearchus led the Peloponnesians, who formed the right wing of Cyrus's army at the See also:battle of Cunaxa (401). On Cyrus's See also:death Clearchus assumed the See also:chief command and conducted the See also:retreat, until, being treacherously seized with his See also:fellow-generals by See also:Tissaphernes, he was handed over to Artaxerxes and executed (Thuc. viii. 8. 39, 8o; Xen. Hellenica, i. 3. 15-19; See also:Anabasis, i. ii.; Diodorus xiv. 12.

19-26). In See also:

character he was a typical product of the Spartan educational See also:system, He was a See also:warrior to the See also:finger-tips (aoXeµucbs Kai (PiXo7rb) eµos &TXaTwr. Xen. Anab. ii. 6. 1), and his tireless See also:energy, unfaltering courage and strategic ability made him an officer of no mean See also:order. But he seems to have had no redeeming See also:touch of refinement or humanity.

End of Article: CLEARCHUS

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