Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

CYTISINE (Ulexin, Sophorin), C11H14N20

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 710 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

CYTISINE (Ulexin, Sophorin), C11H14N20 , an See also:alkaloid discovered in 1818 by J. B.. See also:Chevreul in the seeds of See also:laburnum (Cytisus Laburnum) and isolated by A. Husemann and W. Marme in 1865 (Zeit. f. Chemie, 1865, i.p. 161). It is also found in the seeds of See also:furze (Ulex europaeus), Sophora tormentosa, and Euchresta horsfieldii. It is extracted from the seeds by an corresponding to the See also:longitudinal, the large flagellum to the transverse flagellum of that See also:group. The See also:reproduction of Noctiluca has been fairly made out; in the adult See also:state it divides by fission down the oral groove; as a preliminary the See also:external differentiations disappear, and the See also:nucleus divides by modified mitosis; then the external See also:organs are regenerated. Under circumstances not well made out, After E. See also:Ray Lankester, Ency.

Brit., 9th ed. Cystoflagellate See also:

Protozoa. 1 and 2, See also:Young stages of Noctiluca miliaris. a, the big flagellum; the unlettered filament be-comes the oral flagellum of the adult. n, nucleus. s, the so-called spine (super- ficial See also:ridge of the adult). 3 and 4, Two stages in the fission of Noctiluca miliaris, Suriray. n, nucleus. N, See also:food-particles. t, See also:muscular flagellum. 5. Noctiluca miliaris, viewed from the aboral See also:side (after See also:Allman, Quart.

Jour. Mic. Sci., 1872). a, entrance to See also:

atrium or flagellar fossa (=longitudinal groove of See also:Dinoflagellata). e, superficial ridge. d, big flagellum (=flagellum of transverse groove of Dinoflagellata). h, nucleus. 6. Noctiluca miliaris, acted upon by See also:iodine See also:solution, showing the See also:protoplasm shrunk away from the structureless pellicle. a =entrance to atrium. 7. Lateral view of Noctiluca miliaris.

a, entrance to atrium. b, atrium. c, superficial ridge. d, big flagellum. e=mouth and gullet, in which is seen Krohn's oral flagellum ( =the See also:

chief flagellum, or flagellum of the longitudinal groove of Dinoflagellata). broad See also:process of protoplasm extending from the superficial ridge c to the central protoplasm. duplicature of pellicle in connexion with superficial ridge. h, nucleus. conjugation between two adults takes See also:place by their See also:fusion commencing at the oral region; flagella and pharynx disappear and the nuclei fuse, while the cytoplasts condense into a See also:sphere. The nucleus undergoes broad See also:division, the young nuclei pass to the See also:surface, which becomes imperfectly divided by grooves into as many rounded prominences as there are nuclei (up to 128 or 256); and these become constricted off from the residual useless cytoplasm as zoospores with two unequal flagella, which were at first regarded as Dinoflagellates, of which they have f, g, alcoholic solution of acetic See also:acid, and forms large crystals which melt at 1J3° C., and are easily soluble in See also:water, See also:alcohol and See also:chloroform. It is a secondary and See also:tertiary di-acid See also:base, and is strongly alkaline in its reaction. See also:Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes it to oxycytisine, CuH14N2O2, chromic acid to an acid, CnH9NO3, and See also:potassium permanganate to oxalic acid and See also:ammonia.

It acts as a violent See also:

poison. See further, P. C. Plugge, See also:Arch. der Pharm. (1891), 229, p. 48 et seq.; A. Partheil, Ber. (189o), 23, p. 3201, Arch. der Pharm. (1892), 230, p. 448 ;M. See also:Freund and A.

See also:

Friedmann, Ber. (1901), 34, p. 615; and, J. Herzig and H. See also:Meyer, Monats. f. Chem. (1897), 18, p. 379.

End of Article: CYTISINE (Ulexin, Sophorin), C11H14N20

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
CYTHERA (mod. Cerigo, but still officially known as... 		[next]
CYTOLOGY (from huros, a hollow vessel, and X6yos, s...

Site © 2006 - Net Industries