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FAIRY RING

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 135 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FAIRY See also:RING , the popular name for the circular patches of a dark See also:green See also:colour that are to be seen occasionally on permanent grass-See also:land, either See also:lawn or meadow, on which the fairies were supposed to hold their midnight See also:revels. They See also:mark the See also:area of growth of some fungus, starting from a centre of one or more See also:plants. The mycelium produced from the spores dropped by the fungus or from the " spawn " in the See also:soil, radiates outwards, and each See also:year's successive See also:crop of See also:fungi rises from the new growth See also:round the circle. The See also:rich colour of the grass is due to the fertilizing quality of the decaying fungi, which are peculiarly rich in nitrogenous substances. The most See also:complete and symmetrical grass rings are formed by Alarasmius orcades,the fairy ring champignon, but the See also:mushroom and many other See also:species occasionally See also:form rings, both on grass-lands and in See also:woods. Observations were made on a ring in a See also:pine-See also:wood for a See also:period of nine years, and it was calculated that it increased from centre to circumference about 8i in. each year. The fungus was never found growing within the circle during the See also:time the ring was under observation, the decaying vegetation necessary for its growth having become exhausted. FAI'HFULL, EMILY (1835–1895), See also:English philanthropist, was the youngest daughter of the Rev. See also:Ferdinand Faithfull, and was See also:born at Headley Rectory, See also:Surrey, in 1835. She took a See also:great See also:interest in the conditions of working-See also:women, and with the See also:object of extending their See also:sphere of labour, which was then painfully limited, in 186o she set up in See also:London a See also:printing See also:establishment for women. The " See also:Victoria See also:Press," as it was called, soon obtained quite a reputation for its excellent See also:work, and See also:Miss Faithfull was shortly afterwards appointed printer and publisher in See also:ordinary to See also:Queen Victoria. In 1863 she began the publication of a monthly See also:organ, The Victoria See also:Magazine, in which for eighteen years she continuously and earnestly advocated the claims of women to remunerative employment.

In 1868 she published a novel, See also:

Change upon Change. She also appeared as a lecturer, and with the object of furthering the interests of her See also:sex, lectured widely and successfully both in See also:England and the See also:United States, which latter she visited in 1872 and 1882. In 1888 she was awarded a See also:civil See also:list See also:Pension of L5o. She died in See also:Manchester on the 31st of May 1895.

End of Article: FAIRY RING

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