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GROUP XXII

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 352 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GROUP XXII . Saponin.—Saponin and many allied bodies See also:form an abundant soapy-looking froth when shaken up with See also:water, and they are contained in a very large number of See also:plants, the See also:chief of which are the Quillaia saponaria, Polygala See also:senega, See also:sarsaparilla, and others, known collectively as soapworts. They all See also:act as See also:local irritants in the alimentary See also:canal, and after absorption are more or less depressing to the See also:muscular and See also:nervous systems. They produce slight See also:nausea and increased secretion of mucus. GRouP See also:XXIII. See also:Cyanogen.—This includes compounds of cyanogen such as hydrocyanic (prussic) See also:acid, cyanides of See also:potassium, See also:sodium. &c., See also:cherry-See also:laurel water, See also:amygdalin, See also:bitter almonds and other chemical and See also:vegetable substances which readily yield hydro-cyanic acid. Hydrocyanic acid is a See also:general protoplasmic See also:poison, all the See also:lower organisms being very susceptible to its See also:action, while in the higher animals it speedily depresses or paralyses all forms of See also:nerve See also:tissue. It enters into See also:combination with haemoglobin, forming a See also:bright See also:scarlet See also:compound and interfering with respiration. It kills by its paralysing effect on the motor ganglia of the See also:heart and on the See also:respiratory centre. Ggour See also:XXIV. Ferments.—These include such bodies as See also:pepsin, diastase, the pancreatic ferments, papain, the See also:pine-See also:apple ferment, taka-diastase and others, and serve to convert See also:starch into saccharine substances, or albumen into peptone and albumoses.

End of Article: GROUP XXII

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