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KALUGA

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 644 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KALUGA , the See also:

chief See also:town of the above See also:government, situated on the See also:left See also:bank of the Oka, 117 m. S.W. of See also:Moscow by See also:rail, in 540 31' N. and 36° 6' E. Pop. (187o), 36,88o; (1897) 49,728. It is the see of a See also:Greek Orthodox See also:bishop. The public buildings include the See also:cathedral of the Trinity (rebuilt in the 19th See also:century in See also:place of an older edifice dating from 1687), two monastic establishments, an ecclesiastical See also:seminary, and a lunatic See also:asylum. The See also:principal articles of See also:industrial See also:production are See also:leather, oil, bast mats, See also:wax candles, See also:starch and Kaluga cakes. The first See also:historical mention of Kaluga occurs in 1389; its See also:incorporation with the principality of Moscow took place in 15x8. In 1607 it was held by the second false See also:Demetrius and vainly besieged for four months by the forces of Shuisky, who had ascended the See also:Russian See also:throne as See also:Basil IV. on the See also:death of the first false Demetrius. In 1619 Kaluga See also:fell into the hands of the See also:hetman or chief of the Zaporozhian See also:Cossacks. Later two-thirds of its inhabitants were carried off by a See also:plague; and in 1622 the whole place was laid See also:waste by a conflagration. It recovered, however, in spite of several other conflagrations (especially in 1742 and 1754).

On several occasions Kaluga was the See also:

residence of See also:political prisoners; among others See also:Shamyl, the Lesghian chief, spent his See also:exile there (1859-1870).

End of Article: KALUGA

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