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LAOCOON

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 189 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LAOCOON , in See also:

Greek See also:legend a See also:brother of See also:Anchises, who had been a See also:priest of See also:Apollo, but having profaned the See also:temple of the See also:god he and his two sons were attacked by serpents while preparing to See also:sacrifice a See also:bull at the See also:altar of See also:Poseidon, in whose service Laocoon was then acting as priest. An additional See also:motive for his See also:punishment consisted in his having warned the Trojans against the wooden See also:horse See also:left by the Greeks. But, whatever his See also:crime may have been, the punishment stands out even among the tragedies of Greek legend as marked by its horror—particularly so as it comes to us in See also:Virgil (Aeneid, ii. 199 sq.), and as it is represented in the See also:marble See also:group, the Laocoon, in the Vatican. In the See also:oldest existing version of the legend—that of See also:Arctinus of See also:Miletus, which has so far been preserved in the excerpts of See also:Proclus—the calamity is lessened by the fact that only one of the two sons is killed; and this, as has been pointed out (See also:Arch. Zeitung, 1879, p. 167), agrees with the See also:interpretation which See also:Goethe in his See also:Propylaea had put on the marble group without reference to the See also:literary tradition. He says: " The younger son struggles and is powerless, and is alarmed; the See also:father struggles ineffectively, indeed his efforts only increase the opposition; the See also:elder son is least of all injured, he feels neither anguish nor See also:pain, but he is horrified at what he See also:sees happening to his father, and he screams while he pushes the coils of the See also:serpent off from his legs. He is thus an observer, See also:witness, and participant in the incident, and the See also:work is then See also:complete." Again, " the gradation of the incident is this: the father has become powerless among the coils of the serpent; the younger son has still strength for resistance but is wounded; the elder has a prospect of See also:escape." Leasing, on the other See also:hand, maintained the view that the marble group illustrated the version of the legend given by Virgil, with such See also:differences as were necessary from the different limits of See also:representation imposed on the arts of See also:sculpture and of See also:poetry. These limits required a new See also:definition, and this he undertook in his still famous work, Laocoon (see the edition of See also:Hugo Blumner, See also:Berlin, 1876, in which the subsequent See also:criticism is collected). The date of the Laocoon being now fixed (see See also:AGESANDER) to 40–20 B.C., there can be no question of copying Virgil. The group represents the extreme of a pathetic tendency in sculpture (see GREEK See also:ART, See also:Plate I. fig.

52).

End of Article: LAOCOON

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