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MURAD II

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 14 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MURAD II . (1403–1451) succeeded his See also:father Mahommed I. in 1421. The See also:attempt of his See also:uncle See also:Prince Mustafa to usurp the See also:throne, supported as it was by the Greeks, gave trouble at the outset of his reign, and led to the unsuccessful See also:siege of See also:Constantinople in 1422. Murad maintained a See also:long struggle against the Bosnians and Hungarians, in the course cf which See also:Turkey sustained many severe reverses through the valour of Janos See also:Hunyadi. Accordingly in 1444 he concluded a treaty at Szegedin for ten years, by which he renounced all claim to See also:Servia and recognized See also:George Brancovich as its See also:king. Shortly after this, being deeply affected by the See also:death of his eldest son Prince See also:Ala-ud-din, he abdicated in favour of Mahommed; his second son, then fourteen years of See also:age. But the treacherous attack, in violation of treaty, by the See also:Christian See also:powers, imposing too hard a task on the inexperienced See also:young See also:sovereign, Murad returned from his retirement at See also:Magnesia, crushed his faithless enemies at the See also:battle of See also:Varna (Novemebr to, 1444), and again withdrew to Magnesia. A revolt of the See also:janissaries induced him to return to See also:power, and he spent the remaining six years of his See also:life in warfare in See also:Europe, defeating Hunyadi at See also:Kossovo (See also:October 17–19, 1448). He died at See also:Adrianople in 1451, and was buried at See also:Brusa. By some considered as a fanatical devotee, and by others as given up to See also:mysticism, he is generally described as See also:kind and See also:gentle in disposition, and devoted to the interests of his See also:country.

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