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MURAD I

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 14 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MURAD I ., surnamed Khudavendighiar (1319–1389), was the son of Orkhan and the See also:Greek princess Nilofer, and succeeded his See also:father in 1359. He was the first See also:Turkish monarch to obtain a definite footing in See also:Europe, and his See also:main See also:object throughout his career was to extend the See also:European dominions of See also:Turkey. The revolts of the See also:prince of Caramania interfered with the realization of this See also:plan, and trouble was caused from this See also:quarter more than once during his reign until the decisive See also:battle of See also:Konia (1387), when the See also:power of the prince of Caramania was broken. The See also:state of Europe facilitated Murad's projects: See also:civil See also:war and anarchy prevailed in most of the countries of Central Europe, where the feudal See also:system was at its last gasp, and the small See also:Balkan states were divided by mutual jealousies. The See also:capture of See also:Adrianople, followed by other conquests, brought about a See also:coalition under the See also:king of See also:Hungary against Murad, but his able See also:lieutenant Lalashahin, the first beylerbey of See also:Rumelia, defeated the See also:allies at the battle of the Maritsa in 1363. In 1366 the king of See also:Servia was defeated at Samakov and forced to pay See also:tribute. Kustendil, See also:Philippopolis and See also:Nish See also:fell into the hands of the See also:Turks; a renewal of the war in 1381 led to the capture of See also:Sofia two years later. Europe was now aroused; See also:Lazar, king of Servia, formed an See also:alliance with the Albanians, the Hungarians and the Moldavians against the Turks. Murad hastened back to Europe and met his enemies on the See also:field of See also:Kossovo (1389). Victory finally inclined to the See also:side of the Turks. When the rout of the Christians was See also:complete, a Servian named Milosh Kabilovich penetrated to Murad's See also:tent on pretence of communicating an important See also:secret to the See also:sultan, and stabbed the conqueror. Murad was of See also:independent See also:character and remarkable intelligence.

He was fond of See also:

pleasure and luxury; cruel and cunning. See also:Long relegated to the command of a distant See also:province in See also:Asia, while his See also:brother See also:Suleiman occupied an enviable See also:post in Europe, he became revengeful; thus he exercised See also:great See also:cruelty in the repression of the See also:rebellion of his son Prince Sauji, the first instance of a sultan's son taking arms against his father. Murad transferred the See also:Ottoman See also:capital from See also:Brusa to Adrianople, where he built a See also:palace and added many embellishments to the See also:town. The development of the feudal system of timars and ziamets and its See also:extension to Europe was largely his See also:work.

End of Article: MURAD I

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