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mass of mean, irregular wooden buildings, threaded by narrow tortuous streets, with a few better buildings. Of these the most important are the Idadieh school, the school of arts and crafts, the Jewish communal school; the Greek See also:

COLLEGE (Collegium)

college, Zappeion; the Imperial See also:

OTTOMAN

Ottoman See also:

BANK

Bank and See also:

TOBACCO

Tobacco Regie; a See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire-See also:

TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower; a See also:

THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre; palaces for the See also:

PREFECT (prefet)

prefect of the See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, the administrative See also:

STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff of the second See also:

army See also:

CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps and the See also:

defence See also:

WORKS

works See also:

COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission; a See also:

hand-some See also:

ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row of See also:

barracks; a military See also:

HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital; and a See also:

French hospital. Of earlier buildings, the most distinguished are the Eski Serai, an See also:

ancient and half-ruined See also:

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of the sultans; the See also:

BAZAAR (Pers. bazar, market)

bazaar of See also:

Ali See also:

PASHA

Pasha; and the 16th-See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century See also:

MOSQUE (through Fr. mosquie; Span. mezquila, from Arab. masjid, sajada, to adore)

mosque of the See also:

SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan See also:

SELIM

Selim II., a magnificent specimen of See also:

TURKISH

Turkish See also:

ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture. Adrianople has five suburbs, of which Kiretchhane and Yilderim are on the See also:

LEFT

left bank of the Maritza, and Kirjik stands on a See also:

hill overlooking the city. The two Iast named are exclusively Greek, but a large proportion of the inhabitants of Kiretchhane are Bulgarian. These three suburbs —as well as the little See also:

HAMLET

hamlet of Demirtash, containing about 300 houses all occupied by Bulgars—are all built in the native See also:

FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion; but the, fifth suburb, Karagatch, which is on the right bank of the Maritza, and occupies the region between the railway station and the city; is Western in its See also:

DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design, consisting of detached residences in gardens, many of then handsome villas, and all of modern European type. In all the communities See also:

SCHOOLS

schools have multiplied, but the new seminaries are of the old non-progressive type. The only exception is the Hamidieh school for boys—a See also:

government institution which takes both boarders and See also:

day-scholars. Like the See also:

LYCEUM

Lyceum of Galata Serai in Constantinople, it has two sets of professors, Turkish and French, and a full course of See also:

EDUCATION

education in each See also:

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, the pupils following both courses. The several communities have each their own charitable institutions, the Jews being specially well endowed in this respect. The Greeks have a See also:

LITERARY

literary society, and there is a well-organized See also:

CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club to which members of all the native communities, as well.as many foreigners, belong. The economic See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of Adrianople was much impaired by the See also:

war of 1877-78, and was just showing signs of recovery when, in 1885, the severance from it of Eastern See also:

RUMELIA, or ROUMELIA (Turkish Rumili, " the land of the Romans," i.e. the East Roman or Byzantine empire)

Rumelia by a Customs See also:

CORDON (a French derivative of corde, cord)

cordon rendered the situation worse than ever.

Adrianople had previously been the commercial headquarters of all See also:

THRACE

Thrace, and of a large portion of the region between the Balkans and the See also:

DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube, now See also:

Bulgaria. But the separation of Eastern Rumelia isolated Adrianople, and transferred to See also:

PHILIPPOPOLIS (Bulgarian, Plovdiv; Turkish, Felibe)

Philippopolis at least two-thirds of its See also:

FOREIGN

foreign See also:

trade which, as regards sea-See also:

BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne merchandise, is carried on through the port of See also:

BURGAS (sometimes written Burghaz, Bourgas or Burgas, and, in the middle ages, Pyrgos)

Burgas (q.v.). The city manufactures See also:

SILK

silk, See also:

leather, See also:

TAPESTRY

tapestry, woollens, See also:

LINEN

linen and See also:

cotton, and has an active See also:

general trade. Besides fruits and agricultural produce, its exports include raw silk, cotton, See also:

OPIUM (Gr. amov, dim. from Orbs, juice)

opium, See also:

rose-water, See also:

ATTAR [or OTTO] OF ROSES (Pers. 'atar, essence)

attar of See also:

ROSES, WARS OF THE

roses, See also:

wax and the dye known as Turkey red. The surrounding See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is extremely fertile, and its wines are the best produced in Turkey. The city is supplied with fresh water by means of an See also:

AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct carried by See also:

ARCHES, COURT OF

arches over an extensive valley. There is also a See also:

FINE

fine See also:

stone See also:

BRIDGE

bridge over the Tunja. Adrianople was originally known as Uskadama, Uskudama or Uskodama, but was renamed and enlarged by the See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian (117-138). In 378 the See also:

Romans were here defeated by the Goths. Adrianople was the See also:

RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the Turkish sultans from 1361, when it was captured by See also:

MURAD, or AMURATH

Murad I., until 14J3, when Constantinople See also:

fell. It was occupied by the Russians in 1829 and 1878 (see RUSSO-TURKISH See also:

WARS

WARS).

End of Article: ADRIANOPLE (anc. Hadrianopolis; Turk. Edirne, or Edreneh; Slay. Odrin)

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