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lady, in spite of the sultan's sensuality and of the efforts, temporarily successful, to supplant her in his favour, retained her ascendancy over him to the last. Murad had none of the qualities of a ruler. He was See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good-natured, though cruel enough on occasion: his accession had been marked by the See also:

MURDER

murder, according to the See also:

CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom then established, of his five See also:

BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers. His will-power had See also:

early been undermined by the See also:

OPIUM (Gr. amov, dim. from Orbs, juice)

opium See also:

HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit, and was further weakened by the sensual excesses that ultimately killed him. Nor had he any See also:

TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste for See also:

RULE

rule; his days were spent in the society of musicians, buffoons and poets, and he himself dabbled in See also:

VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse-making of a mystic tendency. His one See also:

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt at reform, the See also:

order forbidding the See also:

sale of intoxicants so as to stop the growing intemperance of the See also:

JANISSARIES (corrupted from Turkish yeni cheri, new troops)

janissaries, See also:

broke down on the opposition of the soldiery. He was the first sultan to See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share personally in the proceeds of the corruption which was undermining the See also:

state, realizing especially large sums by the sale of offices.

This corruption was fatally apparent in the See also:

army, the feudal basis of which was sapped by the See also:

CONFISCATION (from Lat. confiscare, to consign to the fiscus, or imperial treasury)

confiscation of fiefs for the benefit of nominees of favourites of the harem, and by the intrusion, through the same influences of foreigners and rayahs into the See also:

CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps of janissaries, of which the discipline became more and more relaxed and the See also:

TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper increasingly turbulent. In view of this See also:

general demoralization not even the victorious outcome of the See also:

CAMPAIGNS

campaigns in See also:

GEORGIA

Georgia, the See also:

CRIMEA (ancient Tauris or Tauric Chersonese, called by the Russians by the Tatar name Krym or Crim)

Crimea, See also:

DAGHESTAN

Daghestan, See also:

YEMEN (Yaman)

Yemen and See also:

PERSIA

Persia (1578—1590) could prevent the decay of the Ottoman power; indeed, by weakening the Mussulman states, they hastened the See also:

PROCESS

process, since they facilitated the advance of See also:

Russia to the See also:

Black See also:

Sea and the See also:

CASPIAN

Caspian. Murad, who had welcomed the See also:

Persian See also:

War as a good opportunity for See also:

RIDDING, GEORGE (1828-1904)

ridding himself of the presence of the janissaries, whom he dreaded, had soon cause to fear their triumphant return. Incensed by the debasing of the coinage, which robbed them of See also:

PART

part of their pay, they invaded the See also:

DIVAN (Arabic divan)

Divan clamouring for the heads of the sultan's favourite, the beylerbey of See also:

RUMELIA, or ROUMELIA (Turkish Rumili, " the land of the Romans," i.e. the East Roman or Byzantine empire)

Rumelia, and of the defterdar (See also:

FINANCE

finance See also:

MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister), which were thrown to them (See also:

APRIL

April 3, 1589). This was the first See also:

time that the janissaries had invaded the See also:

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace: a precedent to be too often followed. The outbreak of another See also:

EUROPEAN

European war in 1592 gave the sultan an opportunity of ridding himself of their presence. Murad died in 1595, leaving to his successor a See also:

LEGACY (Lat. legatum)

legacy of war and anarchy. It was under Murad III. that See also:

England's relations with the See also:

PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte began. Negotiations were opened in 1579 with See also:

Queen See also:

Elizabeth through certain See also:

BRITISH

British merchants; in 158o the first See also:

CAPITULATIONS (from Lat. ca put, or its Low-Latin diminutive capitulum, as indicating the form in which these acts were set down in chapters "; the Gr. equivalent cephaleosis, KediaXalwocc, is occasionally used in works of the 17th century)

Capitulations with England were signed; in 1583 See also:

William Harebone, the first British See also:

AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador to the Porte, arrived at See also:

Constantinople, and in 1593 commercial Capitulations were signed with England granting the same privileges as those enjoyed by the See also:

French.

End of Article: MURAD III

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