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NICOTERA, GIOVANNI (1828-1894)

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 665 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NICOTERA, GIOVANNI (1828-1894) , See also:Italian patriot and politician, was See also:born at See also:San Biagio on the 9th of See also:September 1828. Joining the party of See also:young See also:Italy he was among the combatants at See also:Naples in May 1848, and was at San Pancrazio with See also:Garibaldi during the See also:defence of See also:Rome. After the fall of Rome he fled to See also:Piedmont, where he organized the expedition to Sapri in 1857, but shortly after his arrival there he was defeated and severely wounded by the See also:Bourbon troops. Condemned to See also:death, but reprieved through the intervention of the See also:British See also:minister, he remained a prisoner at Naples and at Favignana until 186o, when he joined Garibaldi at See also:Palermo. Sent by Garibaldi to See also:Tuscany, he attempted to invade the Papal States with a volunteer See also:brigade, but his followers were disarmed and disbanded by See also:Ricasoli and See also:Cavour. In 1862 he was with Garibaldi at See also:Aspromonte; in 1866 he commanded a volunteer brigade against See also:Austria; in 1867 he invaded the Papal States from the See also:south, but the defeat of Garibaldi at Mentana put an end to his enterprise. His See also:parliamentary career See also:dates from 186o. During the first ten years he engaged in violent opposition, but from 1870 onwards he joined in supporting the military reforms of Ricotti. Upon the See also:advent of the See also:Left in 1876, Nicotera became minister of the interior, and governed with remarkable firmness. He was obliged to resign in See also:December 1877, when he joined See also:Crispi, See also:Cairoli, See also:Zanardelli and Baccarini in forming the " pentarchy " in opposition to See also:Depretis, but he only returned to See also:power thirteen years later as minister of the interior in the Rudini See also:cabinet of 1891. On this occasion he restored the See also:system of uninominal constituencies, resisted the socialist agitation, and pressed, though in vain, for the See also:adoption of drastic See also:measures against the false See also:bank-notes put in circulation by the See also:Roman bank. He See also:fell with the Rudini cabinet in May 1892, and died at See also:Vico Equense, near Naples, on the 13th of See also:June 1894.

See V. See also:

Giordano, La Vita ed i discorsi di Giovanni Nicotera (Salermo, 1878); Mauro, Biografia di Giovanni Nicotera (Rome, 1886; See also:German trans., See also:Leipzig, 1886) ; and See also:Mario, In memoria di Giovanni Nicotera (See also:Florence, 1894).

End of Article: NICOTERA, GIOVANNI (1828-1894)

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