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ORDER 3

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 139 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ORDER 3 . NUDA OR BATRACII. In this See also:

CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification we See also:

NOTICE

notice three points, which indicate a decided progress towards a natural See also:

SYSTEM

system. (I) The four orders proposed by See also:

Brongniart are no more considered co-subordinate in the class, but the Saurians and Ophidians are associated as sections of the same order, a view held by See also:

Aristotle but abandoned by all following naturalists. The distinction between lizards and See also:

SNAKES

snakes is carried out in so precise a manner that one genus only, See also:

AMPHISBAENA (a Greek word, from &pegs, both ways, and flaivav, to go)

Amphisbaena, is wrongly placed. (2) The true See also:

REPTILES (Lat. Reptilia, creeping things, from reptilis; ref ere, to creep; Gr. Ep7rety, whence the term " herpetology," for the science dealing with them)

reptiles have now been entirely divested of all heterogeneous elements by relegating positively See also:

Caecilia to the Batrachians, a view for which See also:

OPPEL, CARL ALBERT (1831–1865)

Oppel had been fully prepared by Dumeril, who pointed out in 1807 that " See also:

les cecilies se rapprochent considerablement See also:

des batraciens auxquels elles semblent her l'ordre entier des serpens." 4 (3) An See also:

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt is made at arranging the genera into families, some of which are still retained at the See also:

PRESENT

present See also:

day. In thus giving a well-merited prominence to Oppel's labours we are far from wishing to detract from the See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence exercised by the See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master spirit of this See also:

period, See also:

CUVIER, GEORGES LEOPOLD CHRETIEN FREDERIC DAGOBERT, BARON (1769-1832)

Cuvier. Without his guidance Oppel probably never would have found a See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place among the promoters of herpetological See also:

SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science. But Cuvier's See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal researches on reptiles were incidental or formed See also:

PART

part of some more See also:

general See also:

plan; Oppel concentrated his on this class only. Cuvier adopts the four orders of reptiles proposed. by Brongniart as See also:

EQUIVALENT

equivalent elements of the class, and restores the See also:

BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind-See also:

WORMS

worms and allied lizards and, what is worse, also the Caecilias, to the Ophidians. The chameleons and geckos are placed in See also:

SEPARATE

separate See also:

groups, and the mode of dividing the latter has been retained to the present day. Also a natural See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the snakes, although the See also:

FOREIGN

foreign elements mentioned are admitted into the order, is sufficiently indicated by his arrangement of the " vrais serpens proprement dits " as (I) non-venomous snakes, (2) venomous snakes with several maxillary See also:

TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

teeth, and (3) venomous snakes with isolated See also:

POISON

poison-fangs.

He distinguishes the See also:

SPECIES

species of reptiles with a precision not attained in any previous See also:

WORK

work. Cuvier's researches into the See also:

OSTEOLOGY (Gr. ovTeov, bone)

osteology of reptiles had also the See also:

OBJECT

object of discovering the means of understanding the fossil remains which now claimed the See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of See also:

French, See also:

ENGLISH

English and See also:

German naturalists. See also:

EXTINCT

Extinct Chelonian and Crocodilian 4 Memoires de zoologie et d'anatomie comparee (See also:

Paris, 1807, 8vo);, P. 45. remains, Pterodactylus, Mosasaurus, See also:

IGUANODON

Iguanodon, See also:

ICHTHYOSAURUS

Ichthyosaurus, Teleosaurus, became the subjects of Cuvier's classical See also:

TREATISES

treatises, which See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form the contents of the 5th See also:

VOLUME

volume (part 2) of his Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles, oit l'on retablit les caracteres des plusieurs animaux dont les revolutions du globe ont detruit les especes (new ed., Paris, 1824, 4to). All the succeeding herpetologists adopted either Oppel's or Cuvier's view as to the number of orders of reptiles, or as to stain- the position Batrachians ought to take in their relation See also:

VINE

vine. to reptiles proper, with the single exception of D.

End of Article: ORDER 3

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