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VODKA

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 170 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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VODKA , VoDKI or WoDKY, the See also:

Russian See also:national spirituous beverage. Originally vodka was made almost entirely from See also:rye, See also:barley See also:malt to the extent of 15 to 20% being used to effect saccharification (see See also:SPIRITS), but at the See also:present See also:day potatoes and See also:maize are the See also:staple raw materials from .whichthis spirit is manufactured, and, as ad See also:rule, See also:green rye malt is now used instead of barley. The See also:distillation is conducted by means of live See also:steam in a See also:double still of the " patent " type. Vodka as manufactured contains from 90 to 96% of See also:alcohol, but it is diluted, previous to retailing, to a strength of 6o to 4o%. It is illegal to sell it with less than 40% of alcohol. VOETIUS (VoET), GYSBERTUS (1588-1676), Dutch theo- logian, was See also:born at Heusden, See also:Holland. He studied at See also:Leiden, and in 1611 became pastor of Blymen, whence in 1617 he returned to Heusden. In 1619 he played an influential See also:part in the See also:Synod of See also:Dort, and in 1634 was made See also:professor of See also:theology and See also:Oriental See also:science at See also:Utrecht. Three years later he 'became pastor of the Utrecht See also:congregation. He was an See also:advocate of the extremest See also:form of Calvinism against the Arminians; but his See also:personal See also:influence was See also:good, and the See also:city of Utrecht perpetuated his memory by giving his name to the See also:street in which he had lived.

End of Article: VODKA

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