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See also:DORT, See also:SYNOD OF . An See also:assembly of the Reformed Dutch See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, with deputies from See also:Switzerland, the See also:Palatinate, See also:Nassau, See also:Hesse, See also:East See also:Friesland, See also:Bremen, See also:Scotland and See also:England, called to decide the theological See also:differences existing between the Arminians (or See also:Remonstrants) and the Calvinists (or See also:Counter-Remonstrants), was held at Dort or See also:Dordrecht (q.v.) in the years 1618 and 1619. The See also:government of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIII. prohibited the attendance of See also:French delegates. During the See also:life of See also:Arminius a See also:bitter controversy had sprung up between his followers and the strict Calvinists, led by See also:Francis Gomar, his See also:fellow-See also:professor at See also:Leiden; and, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to decide their disputes, a synodical See also:conference was proposed, but Arminius died before it could be held. At the conference held at the See also:Hague in 16ro the Arminians addressed a remonstrance to the states-See also:general in the See also:form of five articles, which henceforth came to be known as the five points of Arminianism. In these they reacted against both the supralapsarian and the infralapsarian developments of the See also:doctrine of See also:predestination and combated the irresistibility of See also:- GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
- GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )
grace; they held that See also:Christ died for all men and not only for the elect, and were not sure that the elect might not fall from grace. This conference had no See also:influence in reconciling the opposing parties, and another, held at See also:Delft in the See also:year 1613, was equally unsuccessful. In 1614, at the instance of the Arminian party, an See also:edict was passed by the states-general, in which See also:toleration of the opinions of both parties was declared and further controversy forbidden; but this See also:act only served, by rousing the See also:jealousy of the Calvinists, to See also:fan the controversial See also:flame into greater fury. Gradually the dispute pervaded all classes of society, and the religious questions became entangled with See also:political issues; the partisans of the See also:house of See also:Orange espoused the cause of the stricter Calvinism, whereas the See also:bourgeois See also:oligarchy of republican tendencies, led by Oldenbarnevelt and See also:Hugo See also:Grotius, stood for Arminianism. In 1617 See also:Prince See also:Maurice of Orange committed himself definitely to the Calvinistic party, found an occasion for throwing Oldenbarnevelt and Grotius into See also:prison, and in See also:November of that year called a synod intended to crush the Arminians. This synod, which assembled at Dort in November 1618, was strictly national—called by the See also:national authority to decide a national dispute, and not intended to have more than a national influence. The See also:foreign deputies were invited to attend, only to assist by their See also:advice in the See also:settlement of a controversy which concerned the Netherland church alone, and which the Netherland church alone could decide. At the See also:fourth sitting it was decided to cite See also:Simon See also:Episcopius and several other Remonstrants to appear within fourteen days before the synod, to See also:state and justify their doctrines. It was also agreed to allow the Arminian deputies to take See also:part in the deliberations, only on See also:condition that they forbore to consult with, or in any way assist,
their cited brethren, but this they refused. During the See also:interval between the See also:citation and the See also:appearance of the accused, the professorial members of the synod was instructed to prepare themselves to be able to confute the Arminian errors, and the synod occupied itself with deliberations as to a new See also:translation of the See also:Bible, for which a See also:commission was named, made arrangements for teaching the See also:Heidelberg See also:catechism, and granted permission to the missionaries of the East Indies to baptize such See also:children of See also:heathen parents as were admitted into their families. At the 25th sitting Episcopius and the others cited appeared, when Episcopius surprised the deputies by a bold and outspoken See also:defence of his views, and even went so far as to say that the synod, by excluding the Arminian deputies, could now only be regarded as a schismatic assembly. The Remonstrants were asked to See also:file copious explanations of the five points in dispute (Sententia Remonstrantium), but objecting to the manner in which they were catechized, they were, at the 57th sitting, dismissed from the synod as convicted " liars and deceivers." The synod then proceeded in their See also:absence to See also:judge them from their published writings, and came to the conclusion that as ecclesiastical rebels and trespassers they should be deprived of all their offices. The synodical decision in regard to the five points is contained in the canons adopted at the 136th session held on the 23rd of See also:April 1619; the points were: unconditional See also:election, limited See also:atonement, See also:total depravity, irresistibility of grace, final perseverance of the See also:saints. The issue of supralapsarianism v. infralapsarianism was avoided. These doctrinal decisions and the See also:sentence against the Remonstrants were, at the 144th sitting, read in Latin before a large See also:audience in the See also:great church. The Remonstrants were required to subscribe the condemnation, and many of them refused and were banished. The synod was concluded on the 9th of May 16r9, by a magnificent banquet given by the See also:chief See also:magistrate of Dort. The Dutch deputies remained a fortnight longer to attend to ecclesiastical business. Though the canons of Dort were adopted by but two churches outside of See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, the synod ranks as the most impressive assemblage of the Reformed Church.
(See also:Louvain, 1906). (W. W.
End of Article: DORT, SYNOD OF
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