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See also:AESCHINES (389-314 B.C.) , See also:Greek statesman and orator, was See also:born at See also:Athens. The statements as to his parentage and See also:early See also:life are conflicting; but it seems probable that his parents, though poor, were respectable. After assisting his See also:father in his school, he tried his See also:hand at acting with indifferent success, served with distinction in the See also:army, and held• several clerkships, amongst them the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of clerk to the See also:Boule. The fall of See also:Olynthus (348) brought Aeschines into the See also:political See also:arena, and he was sent on an See also:embassy to rouse the See also:Peloponnesus against See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip. In 347 he was a member of the See also:peace embassy to Philip of Macedon, who seems to have won him over entirely to his See also:side. His dilatoriness during the second embassy (346) sent to ratify the terms of peace led to his See also:accusation by See also:Demosthenes and Timarchus on a See also:charge of high See also:treason, but he was acquitted as the result of a powerful speech, in which" he showed that his accuser Timarchus had, by his immoral conduct, forfeited the right to speak before the See also:people. In 343 the attack was renewed by Demosthenes in his speech On the False Embassy; Aeschines replied in a speech with the same See also:title and was again, acquitted. In 339, as one of the Athenian deputies (pylagorae) in the Amphictyonic See also:Council, he made a speech which brought about the Sacred See also:War. By way of revenge, Aeschines endeavoured to See also:fix the blame for these disasters upon Demosthenes. In 336, when See also:Ctesiphon proposed that his friend Demosthenes should be rewarded with a See also:golden See also:crown for his distinguished services to the See also:state, he was accused by Aeschines of having violated the See also:law in bringing forward the See also:motion. The See also:matter remained in See also:abeyance till 330, when the two rivals delivered their speeches Against Ctesiphon and On the Crown. The result was a See also:complete victory for Demosthenes. Aeschines went into voluntary See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile at See also:Rhodes, where he opened a school of See also:rhetoric. He afterwards removed to See also:Samos, where he died in the seventy-fifth See also:year of his See also:age. His three speeches, called by the ancients " the Three See also:Graces," See also:rank next to those of Demosthenes. See also:Photius knew of nine letters by him which he called the Nine See also:Muses;. the twelve published under his name (Hercher, Epistolographi Graeci) are not genuine.
End of Article: AESCHINES (389-314 B.C.)
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