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AMEN

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 804 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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AMEN , aHebrew word, of which the See also:

root meaning is "stability," .generally adopted in See also:Christian See also:worship as a concluding See also:formula for prayers and See also:hymns. Three distinct biblical usages may be noted. (a) Initial Amen, referring back to words of another See also:speaker, e.g. r See also:Kings i. 36; Rev. xxii. 20. (b) Detached Amen, the complementary See also:sentence being suppressed, e.g. Neh. v. 13.; Rev. v. 14 (cf. 1 See also:Cor. xiv. 16). (c) Final Amen, with no See also:change of speaker, as in the subscription to the first three divisions of the Psalter and in the frequent doxologies of the New Testament Epistles.

The uses of amen (" verily ") in the Gospels See also:

form a See also:peculiar class; they are initial, but often lack any backward reference. Jesus used the word to affirm his own utterances, not those of another See also:person, and this usage was adopted by the See also:church. The liturgical use of the word in apostolic times is attested by the passage from i Cor. cited above, and See also:Justin See also:Martyr (c. A.D. 150) describes the See also:congregation as responding " amen " to the See also:benediction after the celebration of the See also:Eucharist. Its introduction into the baptismal formula (in the See also:Greek Church it is pronounced after the name of each person of the Trinity) is probably later. Among certain Gnostic sects Amen became the name of an See also:angel, and in See also:post-biblical Jewish See also:works exaggerated statements are multiplied as to the right method and the See also:bliss of pronouncing it. It is still used in the service of the See also:synagogue, and the Mahommedans not only add it, after reciting the first Sura of the See also:Koran, but also when See also:writing letters, &c., and repeat it three times, often with the word Qimtir, as a See also:kind of 'See also:talisman. 804. was made by fixing the ends of two See also:long springy poles about 15 ft. long into each See also:side of the See also:pack saddles of two mules, one in front of the other, so as to support a See also:bed for the patient between them; the length and resiliency of the poles prevented jolting of the wounded See also:man, and the mules wereable to carry him long distances over any kind of ground. The See also:ordinary See also:mule or See also:camel See also:litter provides for a wounded man (lying down) being carried on a sort of stretcher on, either side of the See also:animal, or in cacolets in which the less serious cases are slung in seats (one on each side of the animal), sitting up. In See also:Great See also:Britain, the material and equipment required are stored in times of See also:peace at the various headquarters stations and Mobil/See also:ea- carefully examined twice a See also:year; and on orders for doe. mobilization being issued, the doctors and various ranks of attendants, who have previously been told off to each unit, repair to the allotted station, draw the equipment and transport, and embark with the See also:brigade to which they are attached.

The tendency of the See also:

present See also:day is towards reduction in bulk and concentration of strength of drugs, points which simplify the question of transport of See also:ambulance material. As the fighting man can carry concentrated nourishment enough for See also:thirty-six See also:hours, in the form of an emergency ration, in a See also:tin the See also:size of an ordinary See also:cigar=See also:case, and enough sweetening material in the form of saccharine to last a fortnight in a See also:bottle smaller than an ordinary See also:watch, so the medical See also:department can take their drugs in the form of compressed tabloids, each the correct dose, and each occupying about one-tenth of the space the See also:drug ordinarily would; while the medical See also:officers can carry hypodermic cases, not so large as an ordinary cigarette-case, containing a See also:syringe and hundreds of doses of highly concentrated remedies. Again, the See also:traction engines which now accompany an See also:army can also See also:supply See also:electricity for X-See also:ray See also:work, electric-See also:lighting, See also:ice-making, &c. (J. R.

End of Article: AMEN

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