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APOLLINARIS

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 183 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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APOLLINARIS , " the Younger " (d. A.D. 390), See also:

bishop of See also:Laodicea in See also:Syria. He collaborated with his See also:father Apollinaris the See also:Elder in reproducing the Old Testament in the See also:form of Homeric and Pindaric See also:poetry, and the New after the See also:fashion of Platonic dialogues, when the See also:emperor See also:Julian had forbidden Christians to See also:teach the See also:classics. He is best known, however, as a warm opponent of Arianism, whose eagerness to emphasize the deity of See also:Christ and the unity of His See also:person led him so far as a denialof the existence of a rational human soul (vas) in Christ's human nature, this being replaced in Him by a prevailing principle of holiness, to wit the See also:Logos, so that His See also:body was a glorified and spiritualized form of humanity. Over against this the orthodox or See also:Catholic positionmaintained that Christassumed human nature in its entirety including the vows, for only so could He be example and redeemer. It was held that the See also:system of Apollinaris was really Docetism (see See also:DOCETAE), that if the Godhood without constraint swayed the manhood there was no possibility of real human See also:probation or of real advance in Christ's manhood. The position was accordingly condemned by several synods and in particular by that of See also:Constantinople (A.D. 381). This did not prevent its having a considerable following, which after Apollinaris's See also:death divided into two sects, the more conservative taking its name (Vitalians) from Vitalis, bishop of See also:Antioch, the other (Polemeans) adding the further assertion that the two natures were so blended that even the body of Christ was a See also:fit See also:object of See also:adoration. The whole Apollinarian type of thought persisted in what was later the Monophysite (q.v.) school. Although Apollinaris was a prolific writer, scarcely anything has survived under his own name.

But a number of his writings See also:

art concealed under the names of orthodox Fathers, e.g. , Kara Apra rlarrs, See also:long ascribed to See also:Gregory Thaumaturgus. These have been collected and edited by Hans Lietzmann. He must be distinguished from the bishop of See also:Hierapolis who See also:bore the same name, and who wrote one of the See also:early See also:Christian " Apologies " (c. 170). See A. See also:Harnack, See also:History of See also:Dogma, vols. iii. and iv. passim; R. L. Ottley, The See also:Doctrine of the Incarnation; G. Voisin, L'Apollinarisme (See also:Louvain, 1901); H. Lietzmann, Apollinaris von Laodicea and See also:seine Schule (See also:Tubingen, 1905).

End of Article: APOLLINARIS

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