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BAIRAM

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 224 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BAIRAM , a Perso-See also:

Turkish word meaning "festival," applied in Turkish to the two See also:principal festivals of See also:Islam. The first of these, according to the See also:calendar, is the "Lesser Festival," called by the See also:Turks Kiitshiik Bairam ("Lesser Bairam"), or Sheker Bairam (" See also:Sugar Bairam"), and by Arabic-speaking Moslems `Id al-Fitr (" Festival of Fast-breaking"), or Al-'id a--.agar (" Lesser Festival"). It follows immediately the ninth or the See also:fasting-See also:month, See also:Ramadan, occupying the first three days of the tenth month, Shawwal. It is, therefore, also called by Turks Ramadan Bairam, and exhibits more outward signs of rejoicing than the technically " Greater Festival." See also:Official receptions are held on it, and private visits paid; See also:friends congratulate one another, and presents are given; new clothes are put on, and the See also:graves of relatives are visited. The second, or " Greater Festival," is called by the Turks ()See also:urban Bairam, See also:Sacrifice Bairam," and by Arabic speakers Al-'id al-See also:kabir, " Greater Festival,". or '14 al-atlha, " Festival of Sacrifice." It falls on the tenth, and two or three following days, of the last month, Dhu-l-hijja, when the pilgrims each slay a See also:ram, a he-See also:goat, a cow or a See also:camel in the valley of See also:Mina in See also:commemoration of the See also:ransom of See also:Ishmael with a ram. Similarly throughout the Moslem See also:world, all who can afford it sacrifice at this See also:time a legal See also:animal, and either consume the flesh themselves or give it to the poor. Otherwise it is celebrated like the " Lesser Festival," but with less ardour. Both festivals, of course, belong to a lunar calendar, and move through the See also:solar See also:year every See also:thirty-two years. See See also:Lane's See also:Modern Egyptians, See also:chap. See also:xxv.; See also:Michell, See also:Egyptian Calendar; See also:Hughes, See also:Dictionary of Islam, pp. 192 ff.; See also:Sir R. See also:Burton, See also:Pilgrimage, chaps. vii., See also:xxx. (D.

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End of Article: BAIRAM

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