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BASHKALA

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 466 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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BASHKALA , the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

TOWN

town of a sanjak of the vilayet of See also:

VAN

Van in See also:

ASIATIC

Asiatic See also:

TURKEY

Turkey. It is a military station, situated at an See also:

ELEVATION

elevation of 7500 ft. above See also:

sea-level in the valley of the See also:

GREAT

Great Zab See also:

RIVER

river. It stands on the See also:

east slope of lofty See also:

BARE

bare mountains, overlooking a wide valley on the farther See also:

side of which flows the Zab. On a knoll above is a ruined fortress formerly occupied by a Kurdish See also:

BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

Bey. The See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population See also:

numbers some to,000, principally Kurds, but including 1500 Armenians and See also:

I000

I000 See also:

Jews. The See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is important as the centre of the Hakkiari sanjak, a very difficult See also:

mountain See also:

DISTRICT

district to the See also:

south-See also:

west containing numerous tribes of Kurds and Nestorian Christians, and also the many Kurdish tribes along the See also:

Persian frontier. The houses are well built of See also:

sun-dried See also:

BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick, and the streets are wide and fairly clean. See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good smiths' and carpenters' See also:

WORK

work is done. The See also:

BAZAAR (Pers. bazar, market)

bazaar is small, although a thriving See also:

trade is done with the mountain districts. Owing to the great elevation the See also:

winter is extremely severe, and the summer of See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short duration. See also:

Wheat, See also:

BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley, See also:

millet and See also:

SESAME

sesame are cultivated on the See also:

PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, but See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit and vegetables have mostly to be imported from See also:

PERSIA

Persia. Roads See also:

lead to Van, See also:

URMIA, LAKE OF (also spelt URUMIAH)

Urmia in Persia and See also:

MOSUL

Mosul through the Nestorian See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

The Kurd and Nestorian tribes in the wilder parts of the Hakkiari Mountains are under slight See also:

government See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control, and are permitted to pay See also:

TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute and given self-government in a large degree. (F. R.

End of Article: BASHKALA

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