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CARNUNTUM (Kapvous in Ptolemy)

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 378 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CARNUNTUM (Kapvous in See also:Ptolemy) , an important See also:Roman fortress, originally belonging to See also:Noricum, but after the 1stcentury A.D. to See also:Pannonia. It was a See also:Celtic See also:town, the name, which is nearly always found with K on monuments, being derived from Kai', Karn (" See also:rock," " See also:cairn "). Its extensive ruins may still be seen near See also:Hainburg, between See also:Deutsch-See also:Altenburg and Petronell, in See also:lower See also:Austria. Its name first occurs in See also:history during the reign of See also:Augustus (A.D. 6), when Tiberius made it his See also:base of operations in the See also:campaigns against Maroboduus (Marbod). A few years later it became the centre of the Roman fortifications along the See also:Danube from Vindobona (See also:Vienna) to Brigetio (O-Szony), and (under See also:Trajan or See also:Hadrian) the permanent quarters of the XIV See also:legion. It was also a very old mart for the See also:amber brought to See also:Italy from the See also:north. It was created a See also:municipium by Hadrian (Aelium Carnuntum). See also:Marcus Aurelius resided there for three years (172-175) during the See also:war against the See also:Marcomanni, and wrote See also:part of his Meditations. Septimius See also:Severus, at the See also:time See also:governor of Pannonia, was proclaimed See also:emperor there by the soldiers (193): In the 4th See also:century it was destroyed by the Germans, and, although partly restored by Valentinian I., it never regained its former importance, and Vindobona became the See also:chief military centre. It was finally destroyed by the Hungarians in the See also:middle ages. A See also:special society (Carnuntumverein) exists for the exploration of the numerous ruins, the results of which will be found in J.

W. Kubitschek 'and S. Frankfurter, Fuhrer durch Carnuntum (3rd ed., 189) ; see also E. von Sacken, " See also:

Die romische Stadt Carnuntum," in Sitzungsberichte der k. Akad. der Wissenschaften, ix. (Vienna, 1852) ; See also:article by Kubitschek in Pauly-Wissowa's Realencyclopadie, iii. part ii. (1899) ; Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, in., part i. P.

End of Article: CARNUNTUM (Kapvous in Ptolemy)

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