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CHESS , once known as " checker," a See also:game played with certain " pieces " on a See also:special " See also:board " described below. It takes its name from the See also:Persian word shah, a See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, the name of one of the pieces or men used in the game. Chess is the most See also:cosmopolitan of all See also:games, invented in the See also:East (see See also:History, below), introduced into the See also:West and now domiciled in every See also:part of the See also:world. As a See also:mere pastime chess is easily learnt, and a very moderate amount of study enables a See also:man to become a See also:fair player, but the higher ranges of chess-skill are only attained by persistent labour. The real proficient or " See also:master " not merely must know
the subtle See also:variations in which the game abounds, but must be able to apply his knowledge in the See also:face of the enemy and to See also:call to his aid, as occasion demands, all that he has of foresight, brilliancy and resource, both in attack and in See also:defence. Two chess players fighting over the board may fitly be compared to two famous generals encountering each other on the battlefield, the See also:strategy and the See also:tactics being not dissimilar in spirit.
The Board, Pieces and Moves.—The chessboard is divided (see accompanying diagrams) into sixty-four chequered squares. In See also:diagram r, the pieces, or chess-men, are arranged for the beginning of a game, while diagram 2 shows the See also:denomination of the squares according to the See also:English and See also:German systems of notation. Under diagram r are the names of the various " pieces" —each See also:side, See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White or See also:Black, having a King, a See also:Queen, two Rooks (or Castles), two Knights, and two Bishops. The eight men in front are called Pawns. At the beginning of the game the queen always stands upon a square of her own See also:colour. The board is so set that each player has a white square at the right See also:hand end of the See also:row nearest to him. The See also:rook, See also:knight and See also:bishop on the right of the king are known as King's rook, King's knight, and King's bishop; the other three as Queen's rook, Queen's knight, and Queen's bishop.
Briefly described, the See also:powers of the various pieces and of the pawns are as follows.
The king may move in any direction, only one square at a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time,
except in castling. Two See also:kings can never be on adjacent squares.
The queen moves in any direc-
tion square or See also:diagonal, whether
forward or backward. There is
no limit to her range over vacant
squares; an opponent she may
take; a piece of her own colour
stops her. She is the most See also:power-
ful piece on the board, for her
See also:action is a See also:union of those of the
rook and bishop. The rooks (from
the See also:Indian rukh and Persian rokh,
meaning a soldier or See also:warrior)
move in straight lines—forward
R4. Kt. Rp. Q. K. Bp. Kt.
End of Article: CHESS
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