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CHICKASAWS

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 130 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CHICKASAWS , a tribe of See also:

North See also:American See also:Indians of Muskhogean stock, now settled in the western See also:part of See also:Oklahoma. Their former range was See also:northern See also:Mississippi and portions of See also:Tennessee. According to their own tradition and the See also:evidence of See also:philology, they are closely connected with the Creeks and See also:Choctaws; and they believe that they emigrated with these tribes from the See also:west, crossed the Mississippi, and settled in the See also:district that now forms the north-See also:east part of the See also:state of that name. Here they were visited by De See also:Soto in 1540. From the first they were hostile to the See also:French colonists. With the See also:English, on the other See also:hand, their relations were more satisfactory. In 1786 they made a treaty with the See also:United States; and in 1793 they assisted the whites in their operations against the Creeks. In the See also:early years of the 19th See also:century part of their territory was ceded for certain annuities, and a portion of the tribe migrated to See also:Arkansas; and in 1832-1834, the See also:remainder, amounting to about 3600, surrendered to the United States the 6,442,400 acres of which they were still possessed, and entered into a treaty with the Choctaws for See also:incorporation with that tribe: In 1855, however, they effected a separation of this See also:union, with which they had soon grown dissatisfied, and by See also:payment to the Choctaws of $150,000 obtained a See also:complete right to their See also:present territory. In the See also:Civil See also:War they joined the Confederates and suffered in consequence; but their rights were restored by the treaty of 1865. In 1866 they surrendered 7,000,000 acres; and in 1873 they adopted their former slaves. They had an See also:independent See also:government consisting of a See also:governor, a See also:senate, and a See also:house of representatives; but tribal government virtually ceased in 1906. The Chickasaws of pure or mixed See also:blood numbered 4826 in ',goo, and with the fully admitted " citizens," i.e. the freed slaves and adopted whites, the whole nation amounted to some 1o,000.

See Handbook of American Indians (See also:

Washington, 1907).

End of Article: CHICKASAWS

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