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KARMA , sometimes written KARaIAN, a See also:Sanskrit noun (from the See also:root kri, to do), meaning See also:deed or See also:action. In addition to this See also:simple meaning it has also, both in the philosophical and the colloquial speech of See also:India a technical meaning, denoting " a See also:person's deeds as determining his future See also:lot." This is not merely in the_ vague sense that on the whole See also:good will be rewarded
and evil punished, but that every single See also:act must See also:work out to the uttermost its inevitable consequences, and receive its retribution, however many ages the See also:process may require. Every See also:part of the material universe—See also:man, woman, See also:insect, See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
tree, See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, or whatever it be—is the dwelling of an eternal spirit that is working out its destiny, and while receiving See also:reward and See also:punishment for the past is laying up reward and punishment for the future. This view of existence as an endless and concomitant See also:sowing and See also:reaping is accepted by learned and unlearned alike as accounting for those inequalities in human See also:life which might otherwise See also:lead men to doubt the See also:justice of See also:God. Every act of every person has not only a moral value producing merit or demerit, but also an inherent See also:power which See also:works out its fitting reward or punishment. To the See also:Hindu this does not make See also:heaven and See also:hell unnecessary. These two exist in many forms more or less See also:grotesque, and after See also:death the soul passes to one of them and there receives its due; but that existence too is marked by See also:desire and action, and is therefore productive of merit or demerit, and as the soul is thus still entangled in the meshes of karma it must again assume an earthly garb and continue the strife. Salvation is to the Hindu simply deliverance from the power of karma, and each of the philosophic systems has its own method of obtaining it. The last See also:book of the See also:Laws of Manu deals with karma phalam, " the See also:fruit of karma," and gives many curious details of the way in which See also:sin is punished and merit rewarded. The origin of the See also:doctrine cannot be traced with certainty, but there is little doubt that it is See also:post-vedic, and that it was readily accepted by See also:Buddha in the 6th See also:century B.C. As he did not believe in the existence of soul he had to modify the doctrine (see See also:BUDDHISM).
End of Article: KARMA
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