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MADURA (Dutch Madoera)

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 296 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MADURA (Dutch Madoera) , an See also:island of the Dutch See also:East Indies, separated by the shallow Strait of Madura from the N.E. See also:coast of See also:Java. Pop. (1897), 1,652,580, of whom 1,646,071 were natives, 4252 See also:Chinese and 558 Europeans. It extends from about 1120 32' to 114° 7' E., and is divided into two nearly equal portions by the parallel of 7° S.; the See also:area is estimated at 1725 sq. m. It is a See also:plateau-like prolongation of the See also:limestone range of See also:northern Java, with hills (1300 to 160o ft. high) and dales. The formation of the coast and plains is See also:Tertiary and See also:recent See also:alluvium. Hot springs are not infrequent; and in the valley between Gunong Geger and Banjar lies the mud See also:volcano of Banju Ening. The coasts are clothed with tropical vegetation; but the See also:soil is better fitted for See also:pastoral than agricultural purposes. Fishing and See also:cattle-rearing are the See also:chief means of subsistence. Besides See also:rice and See also:maize, Madura yields coco-See also:nut oil and jail. The manufacture of See also:salt for the See also:government, abolished in other places, continues in Madura. Hence perhaps the name is derived (Sansk. mandura, salt).

See also:

Petroleum is found in small quantities. The See also:principal See also:town is Sumenep; and there are populous See also:Malay, Arab and Chinese villages between the town and the See also:European See also:settlement of Maringan. On a See also:hill in the neighbourhood lies Asta, the See also:burial-See also:place of the Sumenep princes. Pamekasan is the seat of government. Bangkalang is a large town with the old See also:palace of the See also:sultan of Madura and the residences of the princes of the See also:blood; the See also:mosque is adorned with the first three suras of the See also:Koran, thus differing from nearly all the mosques in Java and Madura, though resembling those of western See also:Islam. In the vicinity once stood the Erfprins fort. Arisbaya (less correctly Arosbaya) is the place where the first mosque was built in Madura, and where the Dutch sailors first made acquaintance with the natives. The once excellent See also:harbour is now silted up. Sampang is the seat of an important See also:market. The Kangean and Sapudi islands, belonging to Madura, yield See also:timber, trepang, turtle, pisang and other products. Madura formerly consisted of three native states—Madura or Bangkalang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. The whole island was considered See also:part of the Java residency of See also:Surabaya.

The See also:

separate residency of Madura was constituted in 1857; it now consists of four " departments "—Pamekasan, Madura, Sumenep and Sampang. See P. J. Veth, Java, vol. iii. ; Kielstra, " Het Eiland Madoera," `n De Gids (189o); H. See also:van See also:Lennep, " De Madoereezen," in De Indische Gids (1895), with detailed bibliography.

End of Article: MADURA (Dutch Madoera)

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MADVIG, JOHAN NICOLAI (1804-1886)

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