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SURABAYA (Dutch Soerabaja)

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 117 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SURABAYA (Dutch Soerabaja) , a seaport of See also:Java, in the eastern See also:division of the See also:island, on the narrow Surabaya strait, which separates the island of See also:Madura from Java, and at the mouth of the See also:Kali Mas See also:River. Pop. (Igloo), 146,944 (Europeans 8go6; See also:Chinese 13,035). Surabaya is the See also:principal mercanti'_e See also:town in Java. Its roadstead is sheltered by Madura, and it has important See also:dockyards. It is also the headquarters of the military authorities for See also:East Java, and has See also:artillery workshops. See also:Railways See also:running See also:north-See also:west, See also:south-west and south give it connexions throughout the island. In the old town, with its partly demolished fortifications, houses, shops and warehouses are more closely packed and the streets are narrower than in most East See also:Indian towns, and, although a considerable number of Europeans live in this See also:quarter, the outlying quarters, such as Simpang (where is the See also:government See also:house) and Tuntungan, are preferable for See also:residence. SURAJ-UD-DOWLAH (d. 17J7), ruler of See also:Bengal. The date of his See also:birth is uncertain, but is generally placed between 1729 and 1736. His name was Mirza Mahommed, and he succeeded his grandfather Aliverdi See also:Khan as See also:nawab of Bengal on the 9th of See also:April 1756.

He was a cruel and profligate fanatic. Being offended with the See also:

English for giving See also:protection to a native See also:official who had escaped with treasure from See also:Dacca, he attacked and took See also:Calcutta on the loth of See also:June 1756. He then permitted the See also:massacre known in See also:history as " The See also:Black Hole of Calcutta " (see CALCUTTA). This atrocious See also:act was soon avenged. Calcutta was retaken by See also:Clive and See also:Admiral See also:Watson on the 2nd of See also:January 1757, and on the 23rd of June, Suraj-ud-Dowlah, routed at See also:Plassey, fled to See also:Rajmahal, where he was captured. He was put to See also:death on the 4th of See also:July 1757 at See also:Murshidabad, by See also:order of Miran, son of Mir Jafar, who had conspired against Suraj-ud-Dowlah and had been See also:present at Plassey without taking See also:part in the See also:battle.

End of Article: SURABAYA (Dutch Soerabaja)

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